Analyzing dynamics of hybrid nanofluid in curved corrugated enclosure configuring the impact of heated inner cylinder through multigrid simulations

Various strategies have been adopted to elevate convective heat transfer to achieve the optimum output from mechanical engineering designs. The insertion of multi-natured additives into ordinary liquids is considered an active approach. However, this study discloses the effectiveness of passive arrangement by placing a heat-generating element in the domain. For this purpose, a uniformly heated star-shaped cylinder is installed in a curved corrugated chamber saturated with water containing hybridized nanostructures composed of Fe₃O₄ and MWNTs. Some mesmerizing utilizations of domains configured with inner objects serving as sources have been found in solar panels and plants, reactors (nuclear), and thermal exchange devices, including electronic instruments, lubricating bearings, and food processing. The entropic variations produced by the boundary effect of the cylinder and buoyancy forces are also determined to make this study more implacable. First, the governing expressions for the transport model and entropy generation are presented in dimensional form. Subsequently, their conversion into a dimensionless format is achieved by capitalizing the variables. Numerical calculations are performed using Galerkin finite element method-based commercial software (COMSOL). The thermal characteristics of the enclosure are determined by introducing an ecological coefficient of performance. Verification and sensitivity tests are conducted to confirm the numerical results. It is inferred that the average Nusselt number increases up to 13.40% and 15.03% against uplift in the Rayleigh number and particle volume fraction, respectively, where a decrease in the associated physical quantity versus Hartmann number up to 5.71% is delineated. The inclusion of a hybrid composition of nanoparticles tends to minimize entropy by 5.64%, whereas entropy is generated up to 27% approximately against variation in the Hartmann number.