Nanoconfined multiscale heat transfer analysis of hybrid nanofluid flow with magnetohydrodynamic effect and porous surface interaction

This study addresses the multiscale and multidisciplinary challenges associated with the dynamic behaviour of hybrid nanofluids in thin film flow over a rotating and stretching disk, with a particular focus on the impact of film thickness variation. The disk surface, modelled as porous, provides a complex multiscale interface where copper (Cu) and alumina (Al₂O₃) nanomaterials dispersed in water exhibit unique thermal and mechanical properties in a nanoconfined environment. The research incorporates the influences of magnetic fields and thermal radiation into a nonlinear unsteady framework, leveraging similarity transformations to reduce the governing partial differential equations to an ordinary differential system. Solving this system using the homotopy analysis method (HAM), the findings reveal significant enhancements in heat transfer performance of the hybrid nanofluid, with key parameters such as magnetic fields, rotation, and porosity effectively reducing film thickness and optimizing thermal management. It is also obtained that, at a nanoparticle volume concentration of 0.03, the ternary nanofluid showed a remarkable 15% increase in heat transfer, compared to 13% for simple nanofluid. These insights offer potential applications in the design of advanced materials and systems across various engineering and industrial domains, particularly where multiscale phenomena play a crucial role.