Energy harvesting using stochastic network calculus for monitoring underwater tunneling applications

An Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN) is a wireless communication network designed to monitor underwater applications using sensor nodes. These sensor nodes monitor various acoustic properties, such as pH, temperature, salinity, hardness and pressure. UWSNs are used to monitor underwater animals, assess the health of marine mammals, and track plant growth and health, either through static sensor nodes or underwater autonomous vehicles. A major challenge in underwater wireless sensor networks is the limited battery life of sensor nodes. Replacing these sensor nodes is difficult in the ocean or deep sea. Therefore, this research proposes a novel underwater energy harvesting technique for focusing on Underwater Tunnel Monitoring Applications using a stochastic network calculus mathematical model integrated with piezoelectric parameters. This approach aims to reduce the need for frequent battery replacements in underwater environments and improve the performance of sensor nodes in terms of Energy Harvesting Rate (EHR), Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Network Throughput (NT), and Network Latency (NL).