Dynamics of sodium alginate-based ternary nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet with Al₂O₃, SiO₂, and TiO₂ nanoparticles

This study investigates the dynamics of couple stress ternary nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet by incorporating Al₂O₃, SiO₂, and TiO₂ nanoparticles into Sodium alginate, addressing the critical gap in understanding the behavior of such suspensions in thermal management applications. The importance of this research lies in its potential to enhance heat transfer efficiency in processes like polymer extrusion and cooling systems. The governing non-linear partial differential equations were transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations, facilitating detailed analysis of temperature distribution under prescribed surface temperature (PST) conditions. Key results indicate that increasing the magnetic field strength and the inverse Darcy number lead to a reduction in fluid momentum. Conversely, higher thermal radiation and heat source parameters significantly elevate the temperature profile. This work is novel as it integrates multiple nanoparticles within a single suspension and explores their effects on flow dynamics and thermal properties in the context of a stretching sheet, surpassing previous literature that primarily focused on binary or hybrid nanofluid systems.