Equilibrium optimizer for multi-objective dynamic economic emission dispatch integration with plug-in electric vehicles and renewable sources

The renewable energy sources (RES) like wind and solar energy have received much attention in incorporating with thermal generating units. The Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) have been integrated with the Dynamic Economic Emission Load Dispatch (DEELD) model to further reduce fuel cost and emission levels. However, there are new challenges in the power grid after integrating RES and PEVs.Therefore, the novel new framework of DEELD model with wind, solar and PEVs , called WSPEV DEELD model, has been proposed first time to smooth charging and discharging of PEVs and penalty cost for wind and solar energy in underestimation and overestimation. In this manuscript, an effective technique called Equilibrium Optimization (EO) has been proposed to solve the highly complex WSPEV DEELD problems with considering various operating constraints. The EO algorithm has been tested on different system of 10 units to verify the performance and validity of proposed model and algorithm.