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<p>Periodontal disease has been identified as a potential modifiable risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) such as preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW), preeclampsia, and stillbirth. This systematic review aimed to evaluate randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing whether periodontal therapy during or before pregnancy reduces APO risk. A comprehensive search of PubMed, ScienceDirect, and the Cochrane Library up to September 2025 identified 24 RCTs. Interventions included scaling and root planing (SRP), oral hygiene instruction (OHI), and adjunctive antimicrobial rinses. Findings were inconsistent several RCTs reported significant reductions in PTB and LBW following treatment, while large multicenter trials found no preventive benefit. Heterogeneity in study design, timing of intervention, and population characteristics may explain variability. Risk of bias was moderate to high in many studies, particularly in blinding and outcome measurement. Periodontal therapy during pregnancy cannot yet be recommended solely to prevent APOs, though maintaining oral health remains essential for maternal well-being. Future multicenter RCTs with standardized protocols are needed.</p>

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Impact of periodontal therapy on adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月29日

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  • Muhammad Anas,
  • Muhammad Usman Sultan,
  • Ayesha Fazal,
  • Javed Iqbal,
  • Brijesh Sathian

摘要

Periodontal disease has been identified as a potential modifiable risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) such as preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW), preeclampsia, and stillbirth. This systematic review aimed to evaluate randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing whether periodontal therapy during or before pregnancy reduces APO risk. A comprehensive search of PubMed, ScienceDirect, and the Cochrane Library up to September 2025 identified 24 RCTs. Interventions included scaling and root planing (SRP), oral hygiene instruction (OHI), and adjunctive antimicrobial rinses. Findings were inconsistent several RCTs reported significant reductions in PTB and LBW following treatment, while large multicenter trials found no preventive benefit. Heterogeneity in study design, timing of intervention, and population characteristics may explain variability. Risk of bias was moderate to high in many studies, particularly in blinding and outcome measurement. Periodontal therapy during pregnancy cannot yet be recommended solely to prevent APOs, though maintaining oral health remains essential for maternal well-being. Future multicenter RCTs with standardized protocols are needed.