<p>The paper introduces a new soft graph by defining a set-valued function F. Consider <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41870_2024_2372_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="87" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({G}^{*}=(V,E)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mmultiscripts> <mrow> <mi>G</mi> </mrow> <mrow /> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </mmultiscripts> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>V</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> as a simple graph and A as a minimal dominating set. Let R be a subset of <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41870_2024_2372_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="48" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(A\times V\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, representing an arbitrary relation from <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41870_2024_2372_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(A\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>A</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> to <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41870_2024_2372_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="14" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(V\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>V</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. A function <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41870_2024_2372_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="107" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(F:A\to P(V)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>F</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>P</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>V</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is defined as <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41870_2024_2372_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="225" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(F\left(x\right)=\left\{x,y\in V|d(x,y)\le 2\right\}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>F</mi> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mi>x</mi> </mfenced> <mo>=</mo> <mfenced close="}" open="{"> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>V</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mfenced> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and a function <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41870_2024_2372_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="112" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(K:A\to P\left(E\right)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>K</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>P</mi> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mi>E</mi> </mfenced> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is defined as <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41870_2024_2372_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="92" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(K\left(x\right)=\{xy\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>K</mi> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mi>x</mi> </mfenced> <mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mi>y</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> or/and <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41870_2024_2372_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="139" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(yz\in E|d\left(x,y\right)=1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mrow> <mi>y</mi> <mi>z</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>d</mi> </mrow> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> </mfenced> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41870_2024_2372_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="93" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(d\left(x,z\right)=2\}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>z</mi> </mfenced> <mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41870_2024_2372_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="16" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(P\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>P</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a power set. The pair <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41870_2024_2372_Article_IEq12.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="45" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((F,A)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>F</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> forms a soft set over <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41870_2024_2372_Article_IEq13.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="14" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(V\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>V</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41870_2024_2372_Article_IEq14.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="49" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((K,A)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>K</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> forms a soft set over <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41870_2024_2372_Article_IEq15.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(E\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>E</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Then <InlineEquation ID="IEq16"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41870_2024_2372_Article_IEq16.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="101" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((F\left(a\right),K\left(a\right))\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>F</mi> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mi>a</mi> </mfenced> <mo>,</mo> <mi>K</mi> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mi>a</mi> </mfenced> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a subgraph of <InlineEquation ID="IEq17"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41870_2024_2372_Article_IEq17.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="84" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({G}^{*}, \forall a\in A\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mmultiscripts> <mrow> <mi>G</mi> </mrow> <mrow /> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </mmultiscripts> <mo>,</mo> <mo>∀</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. The paper investigates the properties of the soft graph based on the new parameter and presents a real-life application.</p>

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Soft graph on distance-2 of a minimal dominating set of a graph

  • Supriya M D,
  • P. Usha

摘要

The paper introduces a new soft graph by defining a set-valued function F. Consider \({G}^{*}=(V,E)\) G = ( V , E ) as a simple graph and A as a minimal dominating set. Let R be a subset of \(A\times V\) A × V , representing an arbitrary relation from \(A\) A to \(V\) V . A function \(F:A\to P(V)\) F : A P ( V ) is defined as \(F\left(x\right)=\left\{x,y\in V|d(x,y)\le 2\right\}\) F x = x , y V | d ( x , y ) 2 and a function \(K:A\to P\left(E\right)\) K : A P E is defined as \(K\left(x\right)=\{xy\) K x = { x y or/and \(yz\in E|d\left(x,y\right)=1\) y z E | d x , y = 1 and \(d\left(x,z\right)=2\}\) d x , z = 2 } , where \(P\) P is a power set. The pair \((F,A)\) ( F , A ) forms a soft set over \(V\) V and \((K,A)\) ( K , A ) forms a soft set over \(E\) E . Then \((F\left(a\right),K\left(a\right))\) ( F a , K a ) is a subgraph of \({G}^{*}, \forall a\in A\) G , a A . The paper investigates the properties of the soft graph based on the new parameter and presents a real-life application.