JSO-based enhanced energy efficient LEACH protocol for IoT-perception layer

Enhancing energy efficiency remains a significant challenge within the Internet of Things (IoT) Perception Layer. The majority of research efforts concentrate on clustering methods to optimize energy usage and prolong the network's stability period. In recent times, bio-inspired algorithms that rely on population-based techniques have proven effective in addressing various optimization-related challenges. This paper proposes a JSO-based Enhanced Energy Efficient LEACH (JSO-LEACH) Protocol for the IoT-Perception Layer to optimize energy consumption in IoT devices. Clustering is established based on the distance between nodes. The boundary of a node is validated using JSO, and the checkpoint is set according to the position of the feeder node. The routing table is updated based on checkpoint calculations. This technique monitors the energy levels of all nodes in the network while they communicate with each other. Nodes are further classified into three phases based on their residual energy. The final results show better performance of the proposed JSO-LEACH Protocol as compared with other existing protocols. The proposed JSO-LEACH-based approach consumes an average of 24.6686 J, with an average packet delivery ratio of 66.5538%, an average packet loss ratio of 33.4461%, an average delay of 21.4838 ms, an average throughput of 8594.38625 kbps, and an average overhead of 17,204.5 packets, respectively. This study emphasizes the importance of energy-efficient protocols in the context of IoT and highlights the unique approach of the JSO-LEACH protocol in addressing the limitations of traditional protocols.