<p>This paper takes the painted red horse unearthed from the tomb of Murong Zhi in Tianzhu, Wuwei, Gansu Province, as the research object, and analyzes the painted pigments of the horse by using X-ray diffraction analysis technology. The results of the physical phase show that: the red pigment is Fe₃O₄, the color of gold is gold (Au), and the white ash layer is silicon dioxide and calcite; the observation and analysis of cellular tissue slices shows that the material used for the production of the horse’s carcass is <i>Pinaceae</i> larch red cedar (<i>Larix spp</i>.).; production process: horse head, neck, torso, limbs, tail were produced separately then combined by glue(the composition of the glue has not been successfully determined due to the age of the material); painting process: white ash layer, pigment layer, and finally affixed with gold. After the restoration, the wooden horse’s quiet demeanor, the horse’s head slightly up, the whole body was relaxed state, four feet standing, robust, full abdomen, and proportionality is uniform. In order to reduce human factors and other interference conditions, the color parameters of the painted wooden horse were analyzed by spectrophotometric colorimeter, and then according to the ratio of pigment color matching experiments, the optimal restoration materials and ratios were selected to repair the painted layer of the painted wooden horse, so that the damaged painted wooden horse was protected and the restoration achieved good results.</p>