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<p>The study investigates the impact of an extensive open waste burning incident at the Brahmapuram (BP) Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) dumpsite in Kochi, Kerala, India. It includes a field monitoring campaign during 7–10th March, 2023, to characterise dispersion dynamics and quantification of the pollutants’ levels. The highest levels of PM<sub>10</sub> (4266.3&#xa0;µg/m<sup>3</sup>) and PM<sub>2.5</sub> (679.7&#xa0;µg/m<sup>3</sup>) were observed on 8th March during the real-time monitoring. Two downwind receptor sites, viz. Niko Hotel (NH), Kadavanthra, and Rajagiri School of Engineering and Technology (RS), Kakkanad, were also monitored to assess dispersion impact. These sites also observed PM levels far above the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). This spatio-temporal mapping revealed pollutant dispersion patterns consistent with the wind direction modelled by HYSPLIT, showing the impact of the burning event on downwind locations and the coastal areas. The chemical characterisation of collected samples from the burning site was also conducted, and the analysis revealed a dominance of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, and trace metals such as Ca, Fe, and Zn. The enrichment factor study also indicates anthropogenic emission of trace metals. These findings highlight the severe air quality and health risks posed by open dumpsite fires and underline the need for urgent reforms in solid waste handling, fire prevention, and regional air quality monitoring.</p>

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Air Quality Degradation from Open Waste Burning: A Case Study of Brahmapuram, Kochi, India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月23日

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  • Sarup Das,
  • Nidhi Verma,
  • Shoumick Mitra,
  • S. M. Shiva Nagendra,
  • Sotiris Vardoulakis

摘要

The study investigates the impact of an extensive open waste burning incident at the Brahmapuram (BP) Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) dumpsite in Kochi, Kerala, India. It includes a field monitoring campaign during 7–10th March, 2023, to characterise dispersion dynamics and quantification of the pollutants’ levels. The highest levels of PM10 (4266.3 µg/m3) and PM2.5 (679.7 µg/m3) were observed on 8th March during the real-time monitoring. Two downwind receptor sites, viz. Niko Hotel (NH), Kadavanthra, and Rajagiri School of Engineering and Technology (RS), Kakkanad, were also monitored to assess dispersion impact. These sites also observed PM levels far above the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). This spatio-temporal mapping revealed pollutant dispersion patterns consistent with the wind direction modelled by HYSPLIT, showing the impact of the burning event on downwind locations and the coastal areas. The chemical characterisation of collected samples from the burning site was also conducted, and the analysis revealed a dominance of NO3−, SO42−, NH4+, and trace metals such as Ca, Fe, and Zn. The enrichment factor study also indicates anthropogenic emission of trace metals. These findings highlight the severe air quality and health risks posed by open dumpsite fires and underline the need for urgent reforms in solid waste handling, fire prevention, and regional air quality monitoring.