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<p>The Caribbean is one of the world’s primary receptors of Saharan dust, yet localized studies of aerosol regimes in the region remain scarce. This study develops an original multi-scale framework combining surface measurements (PM₂.₅/PM₁₀ ratios), microphysical profiles from AERONET (Volume Particle Size Distributions), and satellite indicators (OMI Aerosol Index) to discriminate aerosol types over Puerto Rico between 1999 and 2021. Results reveal a clear predominance of coarse-mode aerosols: PM₂.₅/PM₁₀ ratio classes A (&lt; 0.2) and B (0.2–0.4) together account for nearly 88% of cases, largely reflecting Saharan dust and marine contributions. A marked seasonal cycle is identified, with maxima during boreal summer and minima in winter, consistent with transatlantic dust transport. Importantly, a significant regime shift is observed after 2017, with rising PM₂.₅/PM₁₀ ratios and a sharp increase in OMI-AI values, indicating stronger contributions from fine particles and more intense absorbing aerosol episodes. Volume Particle Size Distributions further highlight distinctive signatures for pure dust, biomass burning, and mixed regimes, underscoring the value of this integrated approach. By linking local particulate properties to regional satellite diagnostics, this framework strengthens atmospheric monitoring capacity in the Caribbean and provides critical insights into the evolving impacts of Saharan dust and other aerosol sources on air quality and climate.</p>

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Discriminating Aerosol Regimes in the Caribbean: A Multi-scale Approach Using PM₂.₅/PM₁₀ Ratios, Optical Properties, and Satellite Observations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月16日

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  • Lovely Euphrasie-Clotilde,
  • Thomas Plocoste,
  • France-Nor Brute

摘要

The Caribbean is one of the world’s primary receptors of Saharan dust, yet localized studies of aerosol regimes in the region remain scarce. This study develops an original multi-scale framework combining surface measurements (PM₂.₅/PM₁₀ ratios), microphysical profiles from AERONET (Volume Particle Size Distributions), and satellite indicators (OMI Aerosol Index) to discriminate aerosol types over Puerto Rico between 1999 and 2021. Results reveal a clear predominance of coarse-mode aerosols: PM₂.₅/PM₁₀ ratio classes A (< 0.2) and B (0.2–0.4) together account for nearly 88% of cases, largely reflecting Saharan dust and marine contributions. A marked seasonal cycle is identified, with maxima during boreal summer and minima in winter, consistent with transatlantic dust transport. Importantly, a significant regime shift is observed after 2017, with rising PM₂.₅/PM₁₀ ratios and a sharp increase in OMI-AI values, indicating stronger contributions from fine particles and more intense absorbing aerosol episodes. Volume Particle Size Distributions further highlight distinctive signatures for pure dust, biomass burning, and mixed regimes, underscoring the value of this integrated approach. By linking local particulate properties to regional satellite diagnostics, this framework strengthens atmospheric monitoring capacity in the Caribbean and provides critical insights into the evolving impacts of Saharan dust and other aerosol sources on air quality and climate.