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<p>To elucidate the potential toxic effects of inhaled nano-Fe₂O₃ on human health under lunar environmental conditions, this study investigated the deposition and distribution patterns of inhaled nano-Fe₂O₃ using an integrated approach that combines computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and toxicokinetics (TK). Transfer coefficients in the TK model were fine-tuned using the Powell method to simulate the transport of nano-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> in rat organs based on existing literature, and then extrapolated to human organs through allometric scaling. Results indicate that larger nano-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> particles exhibit increased deposition in the human lung under lunar gravity when inhaled orally or nasally. Deposition fractions were accurately predicted using fitted functions based on the Peclet (Pe) number, with over 80% of nano-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> entering the lung at Pe values exceeding 181,044 for oral inhalation and 194,566 for nasal inhalation. Furthermore, nano- Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> levels in human kidneys, liver, spleen, and pancreas peak at 19th, 53rd, 26th, and 15th days respectively before gradually declining, with most clearance occurring by the 526th day. This study highlights the deposition and distribution behavior of nano-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> in the human lung using the CFD-TK approach, demonstrating its potential utility in assessing nano-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> distribution in human organs.</p>

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Deposition and Distribution of Inhaled Nano-Fe₂O₃ Particles in the Human Body Under Lunar Gravity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月8日

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  • Xinguang Cui,
  • Xiang Kan,
  • Chenhao Chang,
  • Jintao Wang,
  • Zijie Shen,
  • Bai Liu

摘要

To elucidate the potential toxic effects of inhaled nano-Fe₂O₃ on human health under lunar environmental conditions, this study investigated the deposition and distribution patterns of inhaled nano-Fe₂O₃ using an integrated approach that combines computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and toxicokinetics (TK). Transfer coefficients in the TK model were fine-tuned using the Powell method to simulate the transport of nano-Fe2O3 in rat organs based on existing literature, and then extrapolated to human organs through allometric scaling. Results indicate that larger nano-Fe2O3 particles exhibit increased deposition in the human lung under lunar gravity when inhaled orally or nasally. Deposition fractions were accurately predicted using fitted functions based on the Peclet (Pe) number, with over 80% of nano-Fe2O3 entering the lung at Pe values exceeding 181,044 for oral inhalation and 194,566 for nasal inhalation. Furthermore, nano- Fe2O3 levels in human kidneys, liver, spleen, and pancreas peak at 19th, 53rd, 26th, and 15th days respectively before gradually declining, with most clearance occurring by the 526th day. This study highlights the deposition and distribution behavior of nano-Fe2O3 in the human lung using the CFD-TK approach, demonstrating its potential utility in assessing nano-Fe2O3 distribution in human organs.