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<p>The study analysed the impact of aerosol (represented by aerosol optical depth, AOD) and relative humidity (RH) on lightning activities (LA), using satellite data,&#xa0;for distinct five locations around the world, such as South Africa (R1, 5<sup>0</sup>N to −1<sup>0</sup>S, 9<sup>0</sup>E to 18<sup>0</sup>E), North-western South America (R2, 2<sup>0</sup>N to 5<sup>0</sup>S, −77<sup>0</sup>W to −67<sup>0</sup> W), Thailand (R3, 10<sup>0</sup>N to 17.5<sup>0</sup>N, 100<sup>0</sup>E to 109<sup>0</sup>E), South America (R4, 31<sup>0</sup>S to 21<sup>0</sup>S, −61<sup>0</sup>W to −53<sup>0</sup>W) and North America (R5, 29<sup>0</sup>N to 34<sup>0</sup>N, −96<sup>0</sup>W to −81<sup>0</sup>W). LIS (especially science data), MODIS, AIRS, and ERA5 were used, respectively, for lightning, AOD and RH data from 2005 to 2014. The data was considered only on lightning days, which were grouped to make the bins of AOD range from less than 0.2 to 2.0 into 13 bins with a bin size of 0.1. The AOD of each bin is then added to obtain the average AOD of the respective bin. Lightning and RH corresponding to the AOD of each bin were similarly added, and the average of LA and RH for each bin was obtained for analysis. The analysis demonstrates that the LA is not uniformly linked with AOD or RH individually; instead, their coactive impact defines the LA. Results show that the association between RH and LA is weaker when AOD is high, such as for regions R1 and R3, whereas it is substantially stronger when RH is high (regions R4 and R5).High lightning and rainfall has been found during high cloud fraction. The study concluded that the humidity per aerosol is critical in lightning formation and more effective in assessing the LA than aerosol or humidity alone.</p>

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Statistical Assessment of Aerosol and Humidity Influence on Lightning Activity: A Multi-Regional Satellite-Based Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月15日

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  • Nandivada Umakanth,
  • Deen Mani Lal,
  • Manoj Kumar Srivastava

摘要

The study analysed the impact of aerosol (represented by aerosol optical depth, AOD) and relative humidity (RH) on lightning activities (LA), using satellite data, for distinct five locations around the world, such as South Africa (R1, 50N to −10S, 90E to 180E), North-western South America (R2, 20N to 50S, −770W to −670 W), Thailand (R3, 100N to 17.50N, 1000E to 1090E), South America (R4, 310S to 210S, −610W to −530W) and North America (R5, 290N to 340N, −960W to −810W). LIS (especially science data), MODIS, AIRS, and ERA5 were used, respectively, for lightning, AOD and RH data from 2005 to 2014. The data was considered only on lightning days, which were grouped to make the bins of AOD range from less than 0.2 to 2.0 into 13 bins with a bin size of 0.1. The AOD of each bin is then added to obtain the average AOD of the respective bin. Lightning and RH corresponding to the AOD of each bin were similarly added, and the average of LA and RH for each bin was obtained for analysis. The analysis demonstrates that the LA is not uniformly linked with AOD or RH individually; instead, their coactive impact defines the LA. Results show that the association between RH and LA is weaker when AOD is high, such as for regions R1 and R3, whereas it is substantially stronger when RH is high (regions R4 and R5).High lightning and rainfall has been found during high cloud fraction. The study concluded that the humidity per aerosol is critical in lightning formation and more effective in assessing the LA than aerosol or humidity alone.