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<p>Burning of biomass is one of the significant contributors to indoor air pollution (IAP). Nowadays, IAP is a serious health concern for women who spend most of their time indoors.Present work was performed to measure indoor pollutants and their effects on rural women. Air quality was measured using a real-time monitor and characterization of the pollutants was conducted using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Results revealed that the fine and ultrafine particulate matter, CO, and formaldehyde (HCHO) exceeded the standard limit in biomass using rural kitchens. The FTIR spectra indicate the presence of organic compounds in biomass-using kitchens. Similarly, risks of hypertension, lung abnormalities, diabetes, and upper and lower respiratory symptoms are more prevalent among biomass fuel users. Moreover, correlation study revealed that pollutants like HCHO, total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), CO, PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, and PM<sub>1.0</sub> were correlated with lung parameters, blood pressure parameters, and heart rate and were statistically significant. Prevalence stage-1 hypertension was 26%, 22% of biomass users have stage-2 hypertension, and 32% have elevated hypertension.Prevalence of miscarriage and prevalence of stillbirth were also noticed among biomass users than LPG users.We find from the result that 12% of biomass users are diabetic and 32% are prediabetes whereas 2% of LPG participants are diabetic and 6% are prediabetic. Therefore, some effective strategies are urgently required to reduce indoor air pollution and its adverse health effects.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Household Air Pollution and Associated Health Burden of Biomass Using Rural Women in India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月29日

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  • Choudhury Saiful Islam,
  • Pradip Mitra,
  • Sukanta Nayek,
  • Utpal Dan,
  • Naba Kumar Mondal

摘要

Burning of biomass is one of the significant contributors to indoor air pollution (IAP). Nowadays, IAP is a serious health concern for women who spend most of their time indoors.Present work was performed to measure indoor pollutants and their effects on rural women. Air quality was measured using a real-time monitor and characterization of the pollutants was conducted using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Results revealed that the fine and ultrafine particulate matter, CO, and formaldehyde (HCHO) exceeded the standard limit in biomass using rural kitchens. The FTIR spectra indicate the presence of organic compounds in biomass-using kitchens. Similarly, risks of hypertension, lung abnormalities, diabetes, and upper and lower respiratory symptoms are more prevalent among biomass fuel users. Moreover, correlation study revealed that pollutants like HCHO, total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), CO, PM10, PM2.5, and PM1.0 were correlated with lung parameters, blood pressure parameters, and heart rate and were statistically significant. Prevalence stage-1 hypertension was 26%, 22% of biomass users have stage-2 hypertension, and 32% have elevated hypertension.Prevalence of miscarriage and prevalence of stillbirth were also noticed among biomass users than LPG users.We find from the result that 12% of biomass users are diabetic and 32% are prediabetes whereas 2% of LPG participants are diabetic and 6% are prediabetic. Therefore, some effective strategies are urgently required to reduce indoor air pollution and its adverse health effects.

Graphical abstract