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<p>The significant amount of people spend time indoors necessitates attention to health risks associated with heavy metals in indoor dust. This study quantified the concentrations of nine heavy metals, including manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), and cadmium (Cd), and evaluated their rural–urban distribution, potential sources, and associated health risks through the analysis of indoor dust samples collected from Yunnan Province. The results showed that the heavy metal concentrations in indoor rural households were approximately 2–3 times higher than those in urban households. The application of Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analysis indicated that traffic is the dominant source, contributing 37.92% in rural and 44.53% in urban areas, and that indoor sources contributed more to urban than rural areas (41.09% vs 24.64%). Furthermore, the carcinogenic risk of indoor dust for children is seven times higher than that in adults (7.68 and 1.00 in rural areas and 7.41 and 0.96 in urban areas, respectively). Among the heavy metals, As presents the most significant risk to human health, warranting a priority focus on its mitigation. The study findings are intended to provide guidance on the prevention measures necessary to control heavy metal indoor pollution.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Heavy Metals in Urban and Rural Indoor Dust in Plateau Homes: Levels, Sources, and Health Risks

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月17日

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  • Weiying Hou,
  • Ruijing Hu,
  • Zhanpeng Cui,
  • Jinze Wang,
  • Jie Sun,
  • Bingyan Zhang,
  • Xiaoyu Han,
  • Yuanchen Chen,
  • Yong Zhang,
  • Dong Yang,
  • Wei Du

摘要

The significant amount of people spend time indoors necessitates attention to health risks associated with heavy metals in indoor dust. This study quantified the concentrations of nine heavy metals, including manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), and cadmium (Cd), and evaluated their rural–urban distribution, potential sources, and associated health risks through the analysis of indoor dust samples collected from Yunnan Province. The results showed that the heavy metal concentrations in indoor rural households were approximately 2–3 times higher than those in urban households. The application of Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analysis indicated that traffic is the dominant source, contributing 37.92% in rural and 44.53% in urban areas, and that indoor sources contributed more to urban than rural areas (41.09% vs 24.64%). Furthermore, the carcinogenic risk of indoor dust for children is seven times higher than that in adults (7.68 and 1.00 in rural areas and 7.41 and 0.96 in urban areas, respectively). Among the heavy metals, As presents the most significant risk to human health, warranting a priority focus on its mitigation. The study findings are intended to provide guidance on the prevention measures necessary to control heavy metal indoor pollution.

Graphical abstract