<p>A battery of findings in experimental cross-cultural psychology has shown thoroughgoing variation in “cognitive style” between members of Confucian Heritage Cultures and members of European Heritage Cultures. The value of understanding these findings has considerable utility for future research across several disciplines including cognitive science, cross-cultural psychology, philosophy, and many humanities disciplines. Up to the present, numerous obstacles, both theoretical and practical, have thwarted all but a small fraction of interested scholars from availing themselves of psychological research about cross-cultural cognitive variation. This paper explains major discoveries along four dimensions of cross-cultural cognitive style (classification and categorization, attention, change and causation, and reasoning), and, in each case, provides readers with a detailed discussion of one highly influential experiment. Special attention is paid to reasoning due both to its foundational importance in the development of scientific inquiry, and to the fact that it is in this area where failures to replicate earlier psychological results have grabbed headlines. This paper concludes by identifying current theories of the distal explanation of cross-cultural differences in cognition.</p>