<p>This paper is dedicated to the following Choquard system: <Equation ID="Equ44"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} -\Delta u + u = \frac{2p}{p+q} \left( I_\alpha * |v|^q\right) |u|^{p-2} u, \quad \text {in } \mathbb {R}^N, \\ -\Delta v + v = \frac{2q}{p+q} \left( I_\alpha * |u|^p\right) |v|^{q-2} v, \quad \text {in } \mathbb {R}^N. \\ \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mfenced open="{"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>q</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mi>α</mi> </msub> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>v</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi>q</mi> </msup> </mfenced> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="1em" /> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>v</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>v</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>q</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>q</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mi>α</mi> </msub> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi>p</mi> </msup> </mfenced> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>v</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>v</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="1em" /> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(N \ge 4\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(I_\alpha \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mi>α</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a Riesz potential of order <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha \in (N-4, N)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>α</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>N</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>N</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(2&lt; p, q &lt; \frac{N+\alpha }{N-2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>α</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p\ne q\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>≠</mo> <mi>q</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. By the minimax method on the Nehari manifold, for any given <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(1\le k\le N\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, we construct a minimal action <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(k-odd\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>o</mi> <mi>d</mi> <mi>d</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> solution with exactly <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(2^{k}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mn>2</mn> <mi>k</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> nodal domains of the Choquard system. This is a new phenomenon for the Choquard system which is nonlocal in nature when compared with its local counterpart the nonlinear Schrödinger system.</p>

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On the nodal solutions for the Choquard system

  • Ying-Xin Cui,
  • Shuxin Ma

摘要

This paper is dedicated to the following Choquard system: \(\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} -\Delta u + u = \frac{2p}{p+q} \left( I_\alpha * |v|^q\right) |u|^{p-2} u, \quad \text {in } \mathbb {R}^N, \\ -\Delta v + v = \frac{2q}{p+q} \left( I_\alpha * |u|^p\right) |v|^{q-2} v, \quad \text {in } \mathbb {R}^N. \\ \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}\) - Δ u + u = 2 p p + q I α | v | q | u | p - 2 u , in R N , - Δ v + v = 2 q p + q I α | u | p | v | q - 2 v , in R N . where \(N \ge 4\) N 4 , \(I_\alpha \) I α is a Riesz potential of order \(\alpha \in (N-4, N)\) α ( N - 4 , N ) and \(2< p, q < \frac{N+\alpha }{N-2}\) 2 < p , q < N + α N - 2 with \(p\ne q\) p q . By the minimax method on the Nehari manifold, for any given \(1\le k\le N\) 1 k N , we construct a minimal action \(k-odd\) k - o d d solution with exactly \(2^{k}\) 2 k nodal domains of the Choquard system. This is a new phenomenon for the Choquard system which is nonlocal in nature when compared with its local counterpart the nonlinear Schrödinger system.