<p>We consider the mixed local-nonlocal parabolic equation of the form <Equation ID="Equ57"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \begin{array}{c} u_t-\Delta u+(-\Delta )^s u=\frac{f(x,t)}{u^{\gamma (x,t)}} \text{ in } \Omega _T:=\Omega \times (0, T), \\ u&gt;0 \text { in } \Omega _T, \quad u=0 \text{ in } (\mathbb {R}^n \backslash \Omega ) \times (0, T), \\ u(x, 0)=u_0(x) \text{ in } \Omega ; \end{array} \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>s</mi> </msup> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mi>γ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mi>T</mi> </msub> <mo>:</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mrow /> <mi>u</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mi>T</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msup> <mo stretchy="true">\</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>×</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mrow /> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>;</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <Equation ID="Equ58"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} (-\Delta )^s u:= c_{n,s}\operatorname {P.V.}\int _{\mathbb {R}^n}\frac{u(x,t)-u(y,t)}{|x-y|^{n+2s}} d y, \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>s</mi> </msup> <mi>u</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>P.V.</mo> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msup> </msub> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> <mi>d</mi> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>under the assumptions that <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\gamma \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>γ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a positive continuous function on <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\overline{\Omega }_T\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mover> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mi>T</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a bounded domain of class <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(C^{1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>C</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {R}^{n}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n&gt; 2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(s\in (0,1)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(0&lt;T&lt;+\infty \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(f\ge 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(u_0\ge 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <i>f</i> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(u_0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> belongs to suitable Lebesgue spaces, <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(f\not \equiv 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>≢</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Here <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(c_{n,s}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a suitable normalization constant, and <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\operatorname {P.V.}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mo>P.V.</mo> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> stands for Cauchy Principal Value. We obtain several existence and regularity results (depending on the summability of <i>f</i>) in the spirit of Boccardo-Orsina (Calc Var Part Differ Equ 37(3–4), 363–380, 2010). Under certain conditions on <i>f</i>, a new optimal summability result and asymptotic behavior of finite energy solution are also obtained.</p>

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On a mixed local-nonlocal evolution equation with singular nonlinearity

  • Kaushik Bal,
  • Stuti Das

摘要

We consider the mixed local-nonlocal parabolic equation of the form \(\begin{aligned} \begin{array}{c} u_t-\Delta u+(-\Delta )^s u=\frac{f(x,t)}{u^{\gamma (x,t)}} \text{ in } \Omega _T:=\Omega \times (0, T), \\ u>0 \text { in } \Omega _T, \quad u=0 \text{ in } (\mathbb {R}^n \backslash \Omega ) \times (0, T), \\ u(x, 0)=u_0(x) \text{ in } \Omega ; \end{array} \end{aligned}\) u t - Δ u + ( - Δ ) s u = f ( x , t ) u γ ( x , t ) in Ω T : = Ω × ( 0 , T ) , u > 0 in Ω T , u = 0 in ( R n \ Ω ) × ( 0 , T ) , u ( x , 0 ) = u 0 ( x ) in Ω ; where \(\begin{aligned} (-\Delta )^s u:= c_{n,s}\operatorname {P.V.}\int _{\mathbb {R}^n}\frac{u(x,t)-u(y,t)}{|x-y|^{n+2s}} d y, \end{aligned}\) ( - Δ ) s u : = c n , s P.V. R n u ( x , t ) - u ( y , t ) | x - y | n + 2 s d y , under the assumptions that \(\gamma \) γ is a positive continuous function on \(\overline{\Omega }_T\) Ω ¯ T and \(\Omega \) Ω is a bounded domain of class \(C^{1}\) C 1 in \(\mathbb {R}^{n}\) R n , \(n> 2\) n > 2 , \(s\in (0,1)\) s ( 0 , 1 ) , \(0<T<+\infty \) 0 < T < + , \(f\ge 0\) f 0 , \(u_0\ge 0\) u 0 0 , f and \(u_0\) u 0 belongs to suitable Lebesgue spaces, \(f\not \equiv 0\) f 0 . Here \(c_{n,s}\) c n , s is a suitable normalization constant, and \(\operatorname {P.V.}\) P.V. stands for Cauchy Principal Value. We obtain several existence and regularity results (depending on the summability of f) in the spirit of Boccardo-Orsina (Calc Var Part Differ Equ 37(3–4), 363–380, 2010). Under certain conditions on f, a new optimal summability result and asymptotic behavior of finite energy solution are also obtained.