<p>In this article, a parabolic-elliptic system of partial differential equations arising in chemotaxis with non-constant monotone chemotactic sensitivity is analyzed. Let <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> be a bounded and regular domain, <i>u</i> the density of a biological species and <i>v</i> the concentration of a chemical satisfying the parabolic-elliptic system <Equation ID="Equ38"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{l} \displaystyle u_{t} - \Delta u = - div (u\chi (v) \nabla v) + \mu u (1- u), \; \; t&gt;0, \; x\in \Omega , \\ \displaystyle -\Delta v+ v = u, \; \; t&gt;0, \; x\in \Omega \end{array}\right. \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mfenced open="{"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>v</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mi>χ</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>v</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>v</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>v</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>v</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>under Neumann boundary conditions, and bounded and positive initial data. We study the asymptotic behaviour of solutions under suitable assumptions in <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\chi \chi &gt;0; \; \; \chi ^{\prime } \le 0; \; \; \; \chi ^{\prime \prime } \ge 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>χ</mi> <mi>χ</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>;</mo> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> <msup> <mi>χ</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>;</mo> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> <msup> <mi>χ</mi> <mo>″</mo> </msup> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> when <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mu \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>μ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is sufficiently large for a given initial data <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(u_0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. The result is obtained by using the system of ordinary differential equations: <Equation ID="Equ39"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \displaystyle \frac{d \overline{u}}{dt} = \chi (\underline{u}) (\overline{u} -\underline{u})\overline{u}- \chi ^{\prime } (\underline{u}) c^2_{\Omega } ( 2+ \max \{1, \Vert u_0\Vert _{L^{\infty }(\Omega )} \}) ( \overline{u} - \underline{u} ) \overline{u} + \mu \overline{u}(1-\overline{u}), &amp; t&gt;0, \\ \displaystyle \frac{d\underline{u}}{dt} = \chi (\underline{u}) (\underline{u} -\overline{u}) \underline{u} + \mu \underline{u}(1-\underline{u}), &amp; t&gt;0; \end{array} \right. \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mfenced open="{"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mover> <mi>u</mi> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">dt</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>=</mo> <mi>χ</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <munder> <mi>u</mi> <mo>̲</mo> </munder> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mover> <mi>u</mi> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mo>-</mo> <munder> <mi>u</mi> <mo>̲</mo> </munder> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mover> <mi>u</mi> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mo>-</mo> <msup> <mi>χ</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <munder> <mi>u</mi> <mo>̲</mo> </munder> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <msubsup> <mi>c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mo movablelimits="true">max</mo> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo stretchy="false">‖</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">‖</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>∞</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mover> <mi>u</mi> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mo>-</mo> <munder> <mi>u</mi> <mo>̲</mo> </munder> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mover> <mi>u</mi> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mo>+</mo> <mi>μ</mi> <mover> <mi>u</mi> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mover> <mi>u</mi> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow> <mrow /> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <munder> <mi>u</mi> <mo>̲</mo> </munder> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">dt</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>=</mo> <mi>χ</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <munder> <mi>u</mi> <mo>̲</mo> </munder> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <munder> <mi>u</mi> <mo>̲</mo> </munder> <mo>-</mo> <mover> <mi>u</mi> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <munder> <mi>u</mi> <mo>̲</mo> </munder> <mo>+</mo> <mi>μ</mi> <munder> <mi>u</mi> <mo>̲</mo> </munder> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>-</mo> <munder> <mi>u</mi> <mo>̲</mo> </munder> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>;</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>and a comparison method to obtain <Equation ID="Equ40"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \underline{u}(t)&lt; u(t,x)&lt;\overline{u}(t); \; \; \underline{u}(t)&lt; v(t,x) &lt; \overline{u}(t), \text{ a.e. } x\in \Omega , \; t&gt;0. \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <munder> <mi>u</mi> <mo>̲</mo> </munder> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mover> <mi>u</mi> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>;</mo> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> <munder> <mi>u</mi> <mo>̲</mo> </munder> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>v</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mover> <mi>u</mi> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>a.e.</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="0.277778em" /> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>The asymptotic behaviour of the system is also analyzed to obtain <Equation ID="Equ41"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \lim _{t \rightarrow +\infty } \Vert u-1\Vert _{L^{\infty }(\Omega )} + \Vert v-1\Vert _{L^{\infty }(\Omega )}=0. \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <munder> <mo movablelimits="true">lim</mo> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </munder> <msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">‖</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">‖</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>∞</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">‖</mo> <mi>v</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">‖</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>∞</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation></p>

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On a parabolic-elliptic system of chemotaxis with logistic source and non-constant chemotactic coefficient

  • J. Ignacio Tello

摘要

In this article, a parabolic-elliptic system of partial differential equations arising in chemotaxis with non-constant monotone chemotactic sensitivity is analyzed. Let \(\Omega \) Ω be a bounded and regular domain, u the density of a biological species and v the concentration of a chemical satisfying the parabolic-elliptic system \(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{l} \displaystyle u_{t} - \Delta u = - div (u\chi (v) \nabla v) + \mu u (1- u), \; \; t>0, \; x\in \Omega , \\ \displaystyle -\Delta v+ v = u, \; \; t>0, \; x\in \Omega \end{array}\right. \end{aligned}\) u t - Δ u = - d i v ( u χ ( v ) v ) + μ u ( 1 - u ) , t > 0 , x Ω , - Δ v + v = u , t > 0 , x Ω under Neumann boundary conditions, and bounded and positive initial data. We study the asymptotic behaviour of solutions under suitable assumptions in \(\chi \chi >0; \; \; \chi ^{\prime } \le 0; \; \; \; \chi ^{\prime \prime } \ge 0\) χ χ > 0 ; χ 0 ; χ 0 when \(\mu \) μ is sufficiently large for a given initial data \(u_0\) u 0 . The result is obtained by using the system of ordinary differential equations: \(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \displaystyle \frac{d \overline{u}}{dt} = \chi (\underline{u}) (\overline{u} -\underline{u})\overline{u}- \chi ^{\prime } (\underline{u}) c^2_{\Omega } ( 2+ \max \{1, \Vert u_0\Vert _{L^{\infty }(\Omega )} \}) ( \overline{u} - \underline{u} ) \overline{u} + \mu \overline{u}(1-\overline{u}), & t>0, \\ \displaystyle \frac{d\underline{u}}{dt} = \chi (\underline{u}) (\underline{u} -\overline{u}) \underline{u} + \mu \underline{u}(1-\underline{u}), & t>0; \end{array} \right. \end{aligned}\) d u ¯ dt = χ ( u ̲ ) ( u ¯ - u ̲ ) u ¯ - χ ( u ̲ ) c Ω 2 ( 2 + max { 1 , u 0 L ( Ω ) } ) ( u ¯ - u ̲ ) u ¯ + μ u ¯ ( 1 - u ¯ ) , t > 0 , d u ̲ dt = χ ( u ̲ ) ( u ̲ - u ¯ ) u ̲ + μ u ̲ ( 1 - u ̲ ) , t > 0 ; and a comparison method to obtain \(\begin{aligned} \underline{u}(t)< u(t,x)<\overline{u}(t); \; \; \underline{u}(t)< v(t,x) < \overline{u}(t), \text{ a.e. } x\in \Omega , \; t>0. \end{aligned}\) u ̲ ( t ) < u ( t , x ) < u ¯ ( t ) ; u ̲ ( t ) < v ( t , x ) < u ¯ ( t ) , a.e. x Ω , t > 0 . The asymptotic behaviour of the system is also analyzed to obtain \(\begin{aligned} \lim _{t \rightarrow +\infty } \Vert u-1\Vert _{L^{\infty }(\Omega )} + \Vert v-1\Vert _{L^{\infty }(\Omega )}=0. \end{aligned}\) lim t + u - 1 L ( Ω ) + v - 1 L ( Ω ) = 0 .