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Purpose <p>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with multiple adverse health outcomes including hypertension, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, stroke, insulin resistance, impaired glucose metabolism, and sudden cardiac death. The hallmark feature of OSA is chronic intermittent hypoxia, which has been increasingly recognized as a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, a progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to evaluate the association between OSA and NAFLD and to assess the relationship between OSA prevalence and NAFLD severity.</p> Methods <p>This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on patients aged 20–60&#xa0;years with ultrasonography-confirmed NAFLD were recruited using convenience sampling. Detailed clinical evaluation, anthropometry, biochemical investigations, body composition analysis, abdominal and hepatic fat quantification by CT, and overnight attended polysomnography were performed. OSA was diagnosed using standard AHI (Apnea–Hypopnea Index) criteria. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent predictors of OSA.</p> Results <p>Among 102 NAFLD patients, OSA was present in 54 (52.94%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). OSA prevalence increased with NAFLD severity, being observed in 34.4% of grade 1, 81.3% of grade 2, and 77.8% of grade 3 NAFLD patients. Unadjusted analysis showed a strong association between NAFLD and OSA (OR 7.85). After adjustment for anthropometric, metabolic, and radiological confounders, NAFLD (OR 4.7) and age remained independent predictors of OSA.</p> Conclusion <p>NAFLD and increasing age are independent predictors of OSA. Routine evaluation for sleep-disordered breathing should be considered even in asymptomatic NAFLD patients to enable early diagnosis and prevent systemic complications.</p>

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Association of Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Centre in Northern India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月30日

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  • Rajender Singh,
  • Gaurav Gupta,
  • Naval K. Vikram,
  • R. M. Pandey

摘要

Purpose

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with multiple adverse health outcomes including hypertension, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, stroke, insulin resistance, impaired glucose metabolism, and sudden cardiac death. The hallmark feature of OSA is chronic intermittent hypoxia, which has been increasingly recognized as a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, a progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to evaluate the association between OSA and NAFLD and to assess the relationship between OSA prevalence and NAFLD severity.

Methods

This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on patients aged 20–60 years with ultrasonography-confirmed NAFLD were recruited using convenience sampling. Detailed clinical evaluation, anthropometry, biochemical investigations, body composition analysis, abdominal and hepatic fat quantification by CT, and overnight attended polysomnography were performed. OSA was diagnosed using standard AHI (Apnea–Hypopnea Index) criteria. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent predictors of OSA.

Results

Among 102 NAFLD patients, OSA was present in 54 (52.94%, p < 0.0001). OSA prevalence increased with NAFLD severity, being observed in 34.4% of grade 1, 81.3% of grade 2, and 77.8% of grade 3 NAFLD patients. Unadjusted analysis showed a strong association between NAFLD and OSA (OR 7.85). After adjustment for anthropometric, metabolic, and radiological confounders, NAFLD (OR 4.7) and age remained independent predictors of OSA.

Conclusion

NAFLD and increasing age are independent predictors of OSA. Routine evaluation for sleep-disordered breathing should be considered even in asymptomatic NAFLD patients to enable early diagnosis and prevent systemic complications.