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Study Objectives <p>To investigate the effects of COVID-19 on sleep architecture by analyzing EEG spectral density and REM characteristics in COVID-19 survivors compared to healthy controls.</p> Methodology <p>This prospective observational study included Level I Polysomnography data of 49 COVID-19 survivors (4 weeks post-hospital discharge) and 54 pre-pandemic healthy volunteers. EEG spectral density analysis was performed for both REM and NREM sleep stages. REM density was calculated using an automated detection algorithm.</p> Results <p>COVID-19 survivors showed significant differences in EEG spectral density compared to controls. On univariate analysis, during REM sleep, COVID-19 patients exhibited higher alpha (p &lt; 0.001), beta (p &lt; 0.001), theta (p &lt; 0.01) and delta (p &lt; 0.01) activity. In NREM sleep, COVID-19 patients showed higher alpha (p &lt; 0.001), beta (p &lt; 0.001), delta (p &lt; 0.01), and sigma (p &lt; 0.001) activity in most of the electrodes. REM density was significantly higher in COVID-19 survivors (3.21 vs 1.99 per epoch, p &lt; 0.001).</p> Conclusion <p>COVID-19 survivors demonstrate significant alterations in sleep EEG spectral density and increased REM density compared to healthy controls. These findings suggest COVID-19 may have lasting effects on sleep architecture, potentially contributing to the neuropsychiatric symptoms observed in long COVID.</p>

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Altered Sleep EEG Spectral Density and Increased REM Density in COVID-19 Survivors: a Comparative Polysomnographic Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月25日

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  • Abhishek Goyal,
  • Manish Goyal,
  • Priyadarshini Mishra,
  • Arwa Bohra,
  • Ravi Gupta

摘要

Study Objectives

To investigate the effects of COVID-19 on sleep architecture by analyzing EEG spectral density and REM characteristics in COVID-19 survivors compared to healthy controls.

Methodology

This prospective observational study included Level I Polysomnography data of 49 COVID-19 survivors (4 weeks post-hospital discharge) and 54 pre-pandemic healthy volunteers. EEG spectral density analysis was performed for both REM and NREM sleep stages. REM density was calculated using an automated detection algorithm.

Results

COVID-19 survivors showed significant differences in EEG spectral density compared to controls. On univariate analysis, during REM sleep, COVID-19 patients exhibited higher alpha (p < 0.001), beta (p < 0.001), theta (p < 0.01) and delta (p < 0.01) activity. In NREM sleep, COVID-19 patients showed higher alpha (p < 0.001), beta (p < 0.001), delta (p < 0.01), and sigma (p < 0.001) activity in most of the electrodes. REM density was significantly higher in COVID-19 survivors (3.21 vs 1.99 per epoch, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

COVID-19 survivors demonstrate significant alterations in sleep EEG spectral density and increased REM density compared to healthy controls. These findings suggest COVID-19 may have lasting effects on sleep architecture, potentially contributing to the neuropsychiatric symptoms observed in long COVID.