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<p>Utilizing the B₂O₃–MoO₃–Mg system via the SHS (self-propagating high-temperature synthesis) technique, molybdenum boride (MoBx) adsorbents were produced at various stoichiometric ratios (100–115%) and leached with HCl (6–10&#xa0;M). MoBx105-8&#xa0;M adsorbent, obtained under the optimum conditions of a 105% stoichiometric ratio and leaching with 8&#xa0;M HCl, achieved a maximum adsorption capacity of 688.07&#xa0;mg g⁻¹ according to the Langmuir model. The kinetic data showed the best fit to the Elovich model (R² = 0.99); it was demonstrated that the adsorption exhibits chemical characteristics on a heterogeneous surface. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed that the process is spontaneous, endothermic and entropy-driven at all temperatures. The adsorbent demonstrated significant pH independence, exhibiting a removal efficiency of over 85% within the pH range of 2–11. Even after seven cycles, the efficiency was recorded at 85.04%, and the release of Mo and B was found to be below the WHO limit. The removal efficiency, maintained within the range of 72–82% in real water matrices (seawater, river water, lake water), confirms the practical applicability of the adsorbent. This demonstrates that MoBx adsorbents produced via SHS offer a high-capacity, stable and environmentally safe option for wastewater treatment.</p>

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Combustion-synthesized molybdenum boride hybrids as high-performance adsorbents for rhodamine-B removal: isotherm, kinetics, thermodynamics and practical water assessment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月14日

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  • Esmanur Kurnaz,
  • Nergiz Kanmaz,
  • Mehmet Bugdayci

摘要

Utilizing the B₂O₃–MoO₃–Mg system via the SHS (self-propagating high-temperature synthesis) technique, molybdenum boride (MoBx) adsorbents were produced at various stoichiometric ratios (100–115%) and leached with HCl (6–10 M). MoBx105-8 M adsorbent, obtained under the optimum conditions of a 105% stoichiometric ratio and leaching with 8 M HCl, achieved a maximum adsorption capacity of 688.07 mg g⁻¹ according to the Langmuir model. The kinetic data showed the best fit to the Elovich model (R² = 0.99); it was demonstrated that the adsorption exhibits chemical characteristics on a heterogeneous surface. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed that the process is spontaneous, endothermic and entropy-driven at all temperatures. The adsorbent demonstrated significant pH independence, exhibiting a removal efficiency of over 85% within the pH range of 2–11. Even after seven cycles, the efficiency was recorded at 85.04%, and the release of Mo and B was found to be below the WHO limit. The removal efficiency, maintained within the range of 72–82% in real water matrices (seawater, river water, lake water), confirms the practical applicability of the adsorbent. This demonstrates that MoBx adsorbents produced via SHS offer a high-capacity, stable and environmentally safe option for wastewater treatment.