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<p>In this research work the nanoparticles (NPs) of pure and Cr-doped Cr<sub>x</sub>Ni<sub>(1-x)</sub>O (x = 0.01 and 0.03) were synthesized, from Ni(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>0.6 H<sub>2</sub>O by dropwise addition of (0.1 M) sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with constant stirring for 1 hour. Precipitate were generated which were centrifuged for 15 minutes at 5000 rpm, dried, calcinated and grinded into nano-powder. The FCC crystal structure and crystallite size varies from 19.83–23.5 nm and was examined by using XRD analysis. The Cauliflower-petal surface morphology of NiO NPs was changed into spherical and elliptical shapes and was identified by SEM analysis. The EDX and FT-IR analysis were carried out for the actual ratios of Ni, Cr and O and presence of functional groups and vibrational frequencies of bonds in Cr<sub>x</sub>Ni<sub>(1-x)</sub>O NPs respectively. VSM analysis shows weak ferromagnetism in pure NiO due to surface defects, with M<sub>s</sub> = 5.03 emu·g<sup>−1</sup> and H<sub>c</sub> = 160 Oe. Cr-doping enhances magnetization, with the highest value of M<sub>s</sub> = 5.71 emu·g<sup>−1</sup> f or Cr<sub>0.01</sub>Ni<sub>0.99</sub>O, but higher doping reduces it due to spin frustration. Increasing Cr-content lowers M<sub>r</sub> and H<sub>c</sub>, weakening magnetic ordering. (I-V) analysis reveals ohmic behavior in pure NiO, which diminishes with Cr-doping, leading to higher conductivity and improved electrical properties. The Seebeck coefficient confirms p-type behavior (390 µV·K<sup>−1</sup> at 300 K). Cr-doping slightly enhances thermoelectric properties, but at 600 K, bipolar conduction reduces the Seebeck coefficient.</p>

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Tailoring multifunctional properties of nickel oxide nanoparticles through chromium doping: structural, electrical, magnetic, and thermoelectric evolution

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月16日

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  • Shahab Khan,
  • Numan Abbas,
  • Jiao Huan,
  • Shahroz Saleem,
  • Somnath Mukherjee,
  • Qadeer Ul Hassan,
  • Jian-Min Zhang

摘要

In this research work the nanoparticles (NPs) of pure and Cr-doped CrxNi(1-x)O (x = 0.01 and 0.03) were synthesized, from Ni(NO3)20.6 H2O by dropwise addition of (0.1 M) sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with constant stirring for 1 hour. Precipitate were generated which were centrifuged for 15 minutes at 5000 rpm, dried, calcinated and grinded into nano-powder. The FCC crystal structure and crystallite size varies from 19.83–23.5 nm and was examined by using XRD analysis. The Cauliflower-petal surface morphology of NiO NPs was changed into spherical and elliptical shapes and was identified by SEM analysis. The EDX and FT-IR analysis were carried out for the actual ratios of Ni, Cr and O and presence of functional groups and vibrational frequencies of bonds in CrxNi(1-x)O NPs respectively. VSM analysis shows weak ferromagnetism in pure NiO due to surface defects, with Ms = 5.03 emu·g−1 and Hc = 160 Oe. Cr-doping enhances magnetization, with the highest value of Ms = 5.71 emu·g−1 f or Cr0.01Ni0.99O, but higher doping reduces it due to spin frustration. Increasing Cr-content lowers Mr and Hc, weakening magnetic ordering. (I-V) analysis reveals ohmic behavior in pure NiO, which diminishes with Cr-doping, leading to higher conductivity and improved electrical properties. The Seebeck coefficient confirms p-type behavior (390 µV·K−1 at 300 K). Cr-doping slightly enhances thermoelectric properties, but at 600 K, bipolar conduction reduces the Seebeck coefficient.