<p>Even though research on materials reinforced with rare earth oxide is growing, there is still a gap, especially in brake friction materials. The performance of CeO₂-reinforced brake friction materials for agricultural vehicles at the nano and microscales was assessed in this work. Changes in the brake disk’s surface roughness and the samples’ friction properties were examined. Wear mechanisms were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The samples exhibited stable friction coefficients, with coefficients determined as 0.25 for nano-sized 5% and 10% CeO₂ samples, 0.26 for micro-sized 5% sample, and 0.27 for micro-sized 10% sample. Micro-sized CeO₂ samples exhibited lower wear rates compared to nano-sized ones. The average hardness of the samples was 94 Shore D, and the hardness of both micro- and nano-sized samples increased with increasing CeO₂. Roughness analyses revealed that CeO₂ addition significantly reduced the density of scratches and indentations on the disk surface. SEM examinations identified primary and secondary plateaus, microcracks, and friction-induced scratches on the wear surfaces. This study contributes significantly to the performance optimization and understanding of wear behavior of rare earth oxide-reinforced brake materials and highlights their potential for industrial applications by minimizing disk surface roughness.</p>