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<p>In recent decades, interest in the dynamics of suspended sediment transport has increased. Additionally, in the Mediterranean rivers, sediment suspension is the dominant process of sediment export. However, phenomena like soil loss, soil erosion, transport of pollutants onto fluvial sediments, and water quality degradation involve the need for a thorough comprehension of the occurrence of suspended sediment transport.In this context, profound knowledge of landscapes and the characterization of hydrological processes in river basins is heavily reliant on the collection and analysis of hydro-sedimentary data. This study aims to assess and analyze the temporal dynamics of suspended sediment transport to compare the hydro-sedimentary responses of the El Abid and Srou River basins, situated in the Middle Atlas and High Atlas regions of Morocco, which are considered the primary tributaries of the Oum Er Rbia River. To measure water stage, discharge, and runoff, monitoring was conducted at the outlets of both Rivers from 2021 to December 2022. Several flush flood events (discharge, sediment concentration, sediment load, sediment, salinity, NTU, and conductivity) variables were extracted and calculated so as to compare the hydrological and sedimentological response of both Rivers. Therefore, 22 samples were collected manually downstream and analysed in the laboratory. In terms of results, the El Abid River exhibits higher discharges than the Srou River at a similar water stage. Specifically, at a water stage of 21&#xa0;cm, El Abid River’s discharge measures 15&#xa0;m³/s, whereas Srou River’s discharge reaches only 0.5&#xa0;m³/s at a water stage of 12&#xa0;cm. Furthermore, the study revealed that the suspended sediment concentration varied from 112.21 to 722.21&#xa0;g/l at the El Abid River, while it was higher at the Srou River, ranging from 322.2 to 832.11&#xa0;g/l. Furthermore, rainfall and pre-event conditions showed a good correlation with sediment concentration and yield. The lithology and dynamics of land use were identified as important factors that control the dynamic of discharge and suspended sediment transport. Consequently, the results are compared with other Moroccan rivers and show wide variability, suggesting that local factors such as soil type, land use, and rainfall intensity strongly influence sediment dynamics in both catchments.</p> Graphical Abstract <p>This study investigates the hydro-sedimentological responses of two contrasting river basins in Morocco: the El Abid River in the Central High Atlas and the Srou River in the Middle Atlas. A multiscale approach, integrating fieldwork and laboratory analysis, is applied to evaluate water discharge (Q) and sediment transport dynamics. Field monitoring includes water level records used to establish rating curves, runoff measurements, and sampling of suspended sediment concentration (SSC), while laboratory work involves turbidity analysis and SSC quantification. These data are used to estimate sediment load (SL) and sediment yield (SY) and are analysed at event, monthly, and annual scales to capture hydrological and sedimentological variability. Finally, the results are compared with other Moroccan rivers, providing a comprehensive and comparative assessment of sediment transport mechanisms across geomorphologically distinct basins.</p> <p></p>

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Hydrosedimentary Response of the Two River Basins from Middle and High Atlas of Morocco: A Multiscale and Systematic Approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月15日

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  • Hasan Ouakhir,
  • Nadia Ennaji,
  • Mimoun Goumih,
  • Mohamed El Ghachi,
  • Larbi Barhazi,
  • Abdessamad Hilali,
  • Hassan Mosaid,
  • Salah Laaraj,
  • Mohamed Rizki,
  • Shuraik Kader,
  • Tarig Ali,
  • Rabin Chakrabortty,
  • Velibor Spalevic

摘要

In recent decades, interest in the dynamics of suspended sediment transport has increased. Additionally, in the Mediterranean rivers, sediment suspension is the dominant process of sediment export. However, phenomena like soil loss, soil erosion, transport of pollutants onto fluvial sediments, and water quality degradation involve the need for a thorough comprehension of the occurrence of suspended sediment transport.In this context, profound knowledge of landscapes and the characterization of hydrological processes in river basins is heavily reliant on the collection and analysis of hydro-sedimentary data. This study aims to assess and analyze the temporal dynamics of suspended sediment transport to compare the hydro-sedimentary responses of the El Abid and Srou River basins, situated in the Middle Atlas and High Atlas regions of Morocco, which are considered the primary tributaries of the Oum Er Rbia River. To measure water stage, discharge, and runoff, monitoring was conducted at the outlets of both Rivers from 2021 to December 2022. Several flush flood events (discharge, sediment concentration, sediment load, sediment, salinity, NTU, and conductivity) variables were extracted and calculated so as to compare the hydrological and sedimentological response of both Rivers. Therefore, 22 samples were collected manually downstream and analysed in the laboratory. In terms of results, the El Abid River exhibits higher discharges than the Srou River at a similar water stage. Specifically, at a water stage of 21 cm, El Abid River’s discharge measures 15 m³/s, whereas Srou River’s discharge reaches only 0.5 m³/s at a water stage of 12 cm. Furthermore, the study revealed that the suspended sediment concentration varied from 112.21 to 722.21 g/l at the El Abid River, while it was higher at the Srou River, ranging from 322.2 to 832.11 g/l. Furthermore, rainfall and pre-event conditions showed a good correlation with sediment concentration and yield. The lithology and dynamics of land use were identified as important factors that control the dynamic of discharge and suspended sediment transport. Consequently, the results are compared with other Moroccan rivers and show wide variability, suggesting that local factors such as soil type, land use, and rainfall intensity strongly influence sediment dynamics in both catchments.

Graphical Abstract

This study investigates the hydro-sedimentological responses of two contrasting river basins in Morocco: the El Abid River in the Central High Atlas and the Srou River in the Middle Atlas. A multiscale approach, integrating fieldwork and laboratory analysis, is applied to evaluate water discharge (Q) and sediment transport dynamics. Field monitoring includes water level records used to establish rating curves, runoff measurements, and sampling of suspended sediment concentration (SSC), while laboratory work involves turbidity analysis and SSC quantification. These data are used to estimate sediment load (SL) and sediment yield (SY) and are analysed at event, monthly, and annual scales to capture hydrological and sedimentological variability. Finally, the results are compared with other Moroccan rivers, providing a comprehensive and comparative assessment of sediment transport mechanisms across geomorphologically distinct basins.