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<p>Accounting for carbon pools in forest ecosystems is necessary as a response to anthropogenic carbon emissions. Acadian Forest, situated in Canada, has been facing disturbances like fire; climate-induced dynamic patterns in temperature and precipitation are affecting ecosystem composition and carbon sequestration dynamics. This study models carbon sequestered with varying stored carbon (aboveground biomass (AGB), belowground biomass (BGB) and soil organic carbon (SOC)) of the Acadian Forest, carbon losses from wood harvesting and greenhouse gas emissions. The study estimates AGB from Airborne LiDAR data for year 2021. For future trends of AGB and BGB, tree structural data from Airborne LiDAR, meteorological data, and plant functional types are used. For a 122.5-hectare area, these variables are inputs to the Ecological Demography model, which models complex process of vegetation to simulate biomass carbon. Simulations over a 55-year period (from 2021 to 2075) revealed a decline in AGB and BGB with a significant drop projected for year 2048, which are affected by changing structural soil carbon, leaf area index, evapotranspiration, temperature and precipitation patterns. SOC is modelled as a function of AGB and BGB. Carbon losses are estimated based on statistical data of New Brunswick. Results revealed that the rate of carbon sequestration change oscillates between negative and positive trends from 2029, as currently dominating species, i.e. Black Spruce and Balsam Fir, are more sensitive to climatic patterns. Introducing temperate species (Maple and Birch) may enhance biomass storage and stabilize the ecosystem. </p> Graphical Abstract <p>The focus of the paper is on presenting a framework for assessing carbon pools of Acadian Forests for an area of 122.5 hectares using Ecological Demography model initialized by Airborne LiDAR data. (i)Simulations over a 55-year period (from years 2021 to 2075) revealed a consistent decline in AGB with a significant drop projected for year 2048. (ii)A simple carbon accounting model for forests has been given where both biotic and abiotic factors are considered. (iii)The study first estimates current carbon stock and future trends in stored carbon (AGB and BGB) using tree structural data, soil data, meteorological data, and trees’ interactions with environment (plant functional types) by Ecological Demography model. (iv) A linear model for soil organic carbon has been provided that uses biomass carbon and its decomposition in the soil. (v)Carbon sequestration trends suggest that major species composition of forest (black spruce and balsam fir) destabilizes stored Forest carbon. This graphical abstract provides a comprehensive overview of carbon sequestration dynamics in the Acadian Forest over 55 years, from 2021 to 2075. It emphasises the interplay of static and dynamic factors influencing carbon storage within this ecosystem. In the left panel, static and dynamic levels and species composition of forest are illustrated to simulate biomass carbon using an ecological demography model. This model considers various environmental parameters that affect biomass accumulation. The right panel addresses the sources of carbon emissions, such as greenhouse gases and wood harvesting practices, while underscoring the critical role of soil organic carbon as a significant carbon sink in the Acadian Forest. Two plots between the maps depict the production of aboveground biomass (AGB) and the amount of carbon sequestered by forest, highlighting fluctuations in carbon storage over time. The analysis of AGB dynamics indicates that the current dominant species, namely black spruce and balsam fir, are projected to lead to a reduction in AGB by nearly 3% by the year 2048 compared to 2021, which corresponds to a decrease of approximately 60,000 kg·C. The bottom plot presents a time series of carbon sequestration and total biomass, featuring lines with circles and cross ticks that illustrate annual variability and trends, respectively. This allows understanding of how carbon sequestration and ecosystem productivity fluctuate. Overall, the findings underscore that biomass, encompassing AGB and BGB, constitutes the primary component of forest carbon sequestration. This research emphasises the importance of understanding these dynamics to inform conservation strategies amidst climate change.</p>

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Exploring the Multifaceted Carbon Sequestration Potential of Acadian Forests: A Detailed Study Integrating LiDAR Data and Environmental Influences

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月6日

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  • Chandra Sekhar Utla,
  • Mrigendra Singh Chauhan,
  • Brijesh Kumar Yadav,
  • Ajay Dashora,
  • Rakesh Kumar Mishra,
  • Yun Zhang

摘要

Accounting for carbon pools in forest ecosystems is necessary as a response to anthropogenic carbon emissions. Acadian Forest, situated in Canada, has been facing disturbances like fire; climate-induced dynamic patterns in temperature and precipitation are affecting ecosystem composition and carbon sequestration dynamics. This study models carbon sequestered with varying stored carbon (aboveground biomass (AGB), belowground biomass (BGB) and soil organic carbon (SOC)) of the Acadian Forest, carbon losses from wood harvesting and greenhouse gas emissions. The study estimates AGB from Airborne LiDAR data for year 2021. For future trends of AGB and BGB, tree structural data from Airborne LiDAR, meteorological data, and plant functional types are used. For a 122.5-hectare area, these variables are inputs to the Ecological Demography model, which models complex process of vegetation to simulate biomass carbon. Simulations over a 55-year period (from 2021 to 2075) revealed a decline in AGB and BGB with a significant drop projected for year 2048, which are affected by changing structural soil carbon, leaf area index, evapotranspiration, temperature and precipitation patterns. SOC is modelled as a function of AGB and BGB. Carbon losses are estimated based on statistical data of New Brunswick. Results revealed that the rate of carbon sequestration change oscillates between negative and positive trends from 2029, as currently dominating species, i.e. Black Spruce and Balsam Fir, are more sensitive to climatic patterns. Introducing temperate species (Maple and Birch) may enhance biomass storage and stabilize the ecosystem.

Graphical Abstract

The focus of the paper is on presenting a framework for assessing carbon pools of Acadian Forests for an area of 122.5 hectares using Ecological Demography model initialized by Airborne LiDAR data. (i)Simulations over a 55-year period (from years 2021 to 2075) revealed a consistent decline in AGB with a significant drop projected for year 2048. (ii)A simple carbon accounting model for forests has been given where both biotic and abiotic factors are considered. (iii)The study first estimates current carbon stock and future trends in stored carbon (AGB and BGB) using tree structural data, soil data, meteorological data, and trees’ interactions with environment (plant functional types) by Ecological Demography model. (iv) A linear model for soil organic carbon has been provided that uses biomass carbon and its decomposition in the soil. (v)Carbon sequestration trends suggest that major species composition of forest (black spruce and balsam fir) destabilizes stored Forest carbon. This graphical abstract provides a comprehensive overview of carbon sequestration dynamics in the Acadian Forest over 55 years, from 2021 to 2075. It emphasises the interplay of static and dynamic factors influencing carbon storage within this ecosystem. In the left panel, static and dynamic levels and species composition of forest are illustrated to simulate biomass carbon using an ecological demography model. This model considers various environmental parameters that affect biomass accumulation. The right panel addresses the sources of carbon emissions, such as greenhouse gases and wood harvesting practices, while underscoring the critical role of soil organic carbon as a significant carbon sink in the Acadian Forest. Two plots between the maps depict the production of aboveground biomass (AGB) and the amount of carbon sequestered by forest, highlighting fluctuations in carbon storage over time. The analysis of AGB dynamics indicates that the current dominant species, namely black spruce and balsam fir, are projected to lead to a reduction in AGB by nearly 3% by the year 2048 compared to 2021, which corresponds to a decrease of approximately 60,000 kg·C. The bottom plot presents a time series of carbon sequestration and total biomass, featuring lines with circles and cross ticks that illustrate annual variability and trends, respectively. This allows understanding of how carbon sequestration and ecosystem productivity fluctuate. Overall, the findings underscore that biomass, encompassing AGB and BGB, constitutes the primary component of forest carbon sequestration. This research emphasises the importance of understanding these dynamics to inform conservation strategies amidst climate change.