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<p>Ambient particulate matter (PM) represents a significant global environmental and public health concern. Exposure to elevated levels of PM, particularly nanoparticles, is associated with serious health risks. Nanoparticles (PM<sub>0.1</sub>) originate from a variety of sources, including vehicular emissions, biomass combustion, and human activities. Therefore, this study examines PM<sub>0.1</sub> and PM<sub>0.5–1.0</sub> levels in Pathumtani, Thailand. The average concentrations of PM<sub>0.1</sub> collected under wet and dry conditions were 13.47&#xa0;µg/m³ and 18.48&#xa0;µg/m³, respectively, while those of PM<sub>0.5–1.0</sub> were 18.34&#xa0;µg/m³ and 26.47&#xa0;µg/m³. Various characterization techniques were employed, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). XPS was utilized to identify elemental and chemical compositions, while TEM and SEM were used to analyze morphology and quantify size distributions. The nanoparticles contained the following elements: carbon (26%), oxygen (51%), nitrogen (0.9%), sulfur (0.2%), silicon (25%), aluminum (0.3%), iron (0.2%), calcium (0.3%), and sodium (0.04%). The primary sources of PM<sub>0.1</sub> were transportation, followed by biomass burning, industrial emissions, re-suspended dust, and construction activities near the sampling site. In summary, XPS is employed to determine the chemical and elemental composition, while SEM/EDS analysis provides a comprehensive and precise characterization of the physicochemical properties of PM<sub>0.1</sub> and PM<sub>0.5–1.0</sub>. Together, these methodologies enhance the evaluation of PM exposure and associated risks and facilitate source identification, even without prior knowledge during sampling.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Seasonal Versus Size Effects in Urban Air Pollution: Particle Composition down To PM0.1 Probed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月17日

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  • Yaowatat Boongla,
  • James McGettrick,
  • James McCormack,
  • Richard Edward Palmer,
  • Phuvasa Chanonmuang,
  • Masami Furuuchi,
  • Worradorn Phairuang

摘要

Ambient particulate matter (PM) represents a significant global environmental and public health concern. Exposure to elevated levels of PM, particularly nanoparticles, is associated with serious health risks. Nanoparticles (PM0.1) originate from a variety of sources, including vehicular emissions, biomass combustion, and human activities. Therefore, this study examines PM0.1 and PM0.5–1.0 levels in Pathumtani, Thailand. The average concentrations of PM0.1 collected under wet and dry conditions were 13.47 µg/m³ and 18.48 µg/m³, respectively, while those of PM0.5–1.0 were 18.34 µg/m³ and 26.47 µg/m³. Various characterization techniques were employed, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). XPS was utilized to identify elemental and chemical compositions, while TEM and SEM were used to analyze morphology and quantify size distributions. The nanoparticles contained the following elements: carbon (26%), oxygen (51%), nitrogen (0.9%), sulfur (0.2%), silicon (25%), aluminum (0.3%), iron (0.2%), calcium (0.3%), and sodium (0.04%). The primary sources of PM0.1 were transportation, followed by biomass burning, industrial emissions, re-suspended dust, and construction activities near the sampling site. In summary, XPS is employed to determine the chemical and elemental composition, while SEM/EDS analysis provides a comprehensive and precise characterization of the physicochemical properties of PM0.1 and PM0.5–1.0. Together, these methodologies enhance the evaluation of PM exposure and associated risks and facilitate source identification, even without prior knowledge during sampling.

Graphical Abstract