Scholarlink

<p>This research examines seasonal water quality variations in the Ganga River across eight monitoring locations within Kanpur, India, during pre and post-monsoon periods of 2022–2023. Water samples were systematically collected from a 10-kilometer river section at multiple depths for comprehensive analysis. The investigation assessed nineteen physicochemical parameters including pH, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, and heavy metal concentrations of chromium and iron. It was observed from the study that the temperature ranged from 19 to 30&#xa0;°C, while pH remained slightly alkaline varying slightly (6.81–7.77). Turbidity values (13–134 NTU) exceeded permissible limits at several sites. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) concentrations were recorded above 8&#xa0;mg/L; however, elevated concentrations of BOD (96–270&#xa0;mg/L) and COD (177–1982&#xa0;mg/L) were noted, particularly at downstream industrial locations. Heavy metal concentrations including chromium and iron exceeded recommended standards at site S8. Three Water Quality Index approaches were employed: Bureau of Indian Standards 10,500, Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment methodology, and a regionally modified index framework. Results demonstrated severe pollution across all monitoring sites. Location S8 consistently exhibited extremely polluted conditions, classified as “very poor” throughout both seasonal periods. Sites S1-S7 ranged from poor to very poor quality during post-monsoon assessments, with pre-monsoon conditions showing greater deterioration. Multiple locations failed Bureau of Indian Standards criteria, supported by Canadian Council findings. Comprehensive Pollution Index analysis revealed extensive contamination from untreated sewage discharge and unregulated industrial emissions. Advanced statistical methods encompassing Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis successfully identified primary pollution sources, confirming S8 as the most contaminated monitoring point. Climate conditions significantly affected contamination dynamics. Dry periods reduced the river’s self-cleaning ability, whereas rainfall increased pollutant loads from farming and city drainage. Study findings highlight urgent needs for targeted remedial actions, ongoing water quality monitoring, and faster implementation of <i>Namami Gange</i> cleanup programs to protect and restore Ganga River ecosystems.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Seasonal Water Quality Assessment of Ganga River in Kanpur: Integrated WQI Approaches and Multivariate Statistical Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月26日

查看全文
  • Jaiprakash Nayak,
  • Reena Singh,
  • Rajiv Ganguly

摘要

This research examines seasonal water quality variations in the Ganga River across eight monitoring locations within Kanpur, India, during pre and post-monsoon periods of 2022–2023. Water samples were systematically collected from a 10-kilometer river section at multiple depths for comprehensive analysis. The investigation assessed nineteen physicochemical parameters including pH, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, and heavy metal concentrations of chromium and iron. It was observed from the study that the temperature ranged from 19 to 30 °C, while pH remained slightly alkaline varying slightly (6.81–7.77). Turbidity values (13–134 NTU) exceeded permissible limits at several sites. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) concentrations were recorded above 8 mg/L; however, elevated concentrations of BOD (96–270 mg/L) and COD (177–1982 mg/L) were noted, particularly at downstream industrial locations. Heavy metal concentrations including chromium and iron exceeded recommended standards at site S8. Three Water Quality Index approaches were employed: Bureau of Indian Standards 10,500, Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment methodology, and a regionally modified index framework. Results demonstrated severe pollution across all monitoring sites. Location S8 consistently exhibited extremely polluted conditions, classified as “very poor” throughout both seasonal periods. Sites S1-S7 ranged from poor to very poor quality during post-monsoon assessments, with pre-monsoon conditions showing greater deterioration. Multiple locations failed Bureau of Indian Standards criteria, supported by Canadian Council findings. Comprehensive Pollution Index analysis revealed extensive contamination from untreated sewage discharge and unregulated industrial emissions. Advanced statistical methods encompassing Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis successfully identified primary pollution sources, confirming S8 as the most contaminated monitoring point. Climate conditions significantly affected contamination dynamics. Dry periods reduced the river’s self-cleaning ability, whereas rainfall increased pollutant loads from farming and city drainage. Study findings highlight urgent needs for targeted remedial actions, ongoing water quality monitoring, and faster implementation of Namami Gange cleanup programs to protect and restore Ganga River ecosystems.