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<p>In arid urban environments, airborne heavy metals are driven by complex interactions between criteria air pollutants and meteorological parameters, particularly during inversion and dust storm events. In this study, temporal variations of airborne heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Al) were analyzed using data collected from September 2012 to September 2013 in Ahvaz, Iran. The measured variables included sampled PM<sub>10</sub>, formal PM<sub>10</sub>, O<sub>3</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, NO, NOx, SO<sub>2</sub>, CO, dew point temperature, wind speed and direction, relative humidity, cloudiness, temperature, air pressure, and aerosol optical depth (AOD). The results showed that mean daily air pressure, NO<sub>2</sub>, NOx, and maximum daily air temperature all exhibited significant correlations with Zn, Pb, and Co, with the same order of correlation coefficients. Dew point temperature showed significant correlations with all seven heavy metals and could serve as the best estimator for dust-borne Al (R² = 0.97) and inversion-driven Zn (R² = 0.95). Sampled PM<sub>10</sub> showed the highest R² for estimating Cd, Co, and Pb, while the second highest R² for Cd estimation was AOD, and for Co and Pb it was formal PM<sub>10</sub>. Formal PM<sub>10</sub> also performed better than other parameters in estimating Cr and Ni, with R² values of 0.98 and 0.95, respectively. Therefore, even when sampled PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations are available, other parameters from different sources—namely formal PM<sub>10</sub> and dew point temperature—remain valuable tools for estimating airborne heavy metal concentrations.</p>

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Beyond Air Particulate Matters: Dew Point Temperature Emerged as a Potent Proxy for Estimation of Air Heavy Metals

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月25日

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  • Gholamreza Goudarzi,
  • Mohammad Heidari Farsani,
  • Nasim Mehrabi,
  • Mohammad Sabzehzari,
  • Aliakbar Babaei,
  • Heydar Maleki

摘要

In arid urban environments, airborne heavy metals are driven by complex interactions between criteria air pollutants and meteorological parameters, particularly during inversion and dust storm events. In this study, temporal variations of airborne heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Al) were analyzed using data collected from September 2012 to September 2013 in Ahvaz, Iran. The measured variables included sampled PM10, formal PM10, O3, NO2, NO, NOx, SO2, CO, dew point temperature, wind speed and direction, relative humidity, cloudiness, temperature, air pressure, and aerosol optical depth (AOD). The results showed that mean daily air pressure, NO2, NOx, and maximum daily air temperature all exhibited significant correlations with Zn, Pb, and Co, with the same order of correlation coefficients. Dew point temperature showed significant correlations with all seven heavy metals and could serve as the best estimator for dust-borne Al (R² = 0.97) and inversion-driven Zn (R² = 0.95). Sampled PM10 showed the highest R² for estimating Cd, Co, and Pb, while the second highest R² for Cd estimation was AOD, and for Co and Pb it was formal PM10. Formal PM10 also performed better than other parameters in estimating Cr and Ni, with R² values of 0.98 and 0.95, respectively. Therefore, even when sampled PM10 concentrations are available, other parameters from different sources—namely formal PM10 and dew point temperature—remain valuable tools for estimating airborne heavy metal concentrations.