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<p>This study presents the synthesis of a novel SrSnO₃/NrGO composite using a sol–gel and hydrothermal approach and evaluates its dual functionality for ciprofloxacin (CIP) adsorption and antibacterial activity. The integration of NrGO into the SrSnO₃ matrix significantly enhanced structural and surface characteristics, as confirmed by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and BET analyses. Notably, the specific surface area increased from 54.46 to 130.7&#xa0;m<sup>2</sup>/g, while XRD revealed a reduction in the SrSnO₃ (200) peak intensity, indicating strong interfacial interaction with NrGO. FTIR verified successful nitrogen incorporation into the GO lattice, and SEM imaging demonstrated uniform dispersion of SrSnO₃ cuboids across the NrGO sheets. Optimised adsorption conditions (pH 7 ± 0.2, 0.4&#xa0;g/L dosage, 120&#xa0;min contact time, and 10&#xa0;mg/L CIP concentration) yielded a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 58.82&#xa0;mg/g, fitting well with the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics. Thermodynamic parameters confirmed that the process is favourable, spontaneous, and exothermic. Beyond adsorption, the composite exhibited strong antibacterial activity, with MIC values ranging from 62.5 to 250&#xa0;μg/mL against both Gram-positive (<i>Streptococcus</i> <i>pyogenes</i>, <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>) and Gram-negative (<i>Salmonella</i> <i>typhi</i>, <i>Vibrio cholera</i>) strains. Overall, unlike most SrSnO₃-based composites that have primarily been explored as photocatalysts, the SrSnO₃/NrGO composite developed in this study exhibits a distinct dual functionality, demonstrating both superior adsorption capacity for CIP and strong antibacterial activity. This enhanced performance, driven by the NrGO-mediated increase in surface area and active sites, highlights the composite’s novelty and its promising potential as a multifunctional material for integrated wastewater purification and antibacterial applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Fabrication of Novel SrSnO3–NrGO Composite for Ciprofloxacin Removal and Antibacterial Studies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月29日

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  • Lipika Nayaka,
  • Debendra Beheraa,
  • Gyanajeet Paridab,
  • Nigamananda Dasc,
  • Purnendu Parhia

摘要

This study presents the synthesis of a novel SrSnO₃/NrGO composite using a sol–gel and hydrothermal approach and evaluates its dual functionality for ciprofloxacin (CIP) adsorption and antibacterial activity. The integration of NrGO into the SrSnO₃ matrix significantly enhanced structural and surface characteristics, as confirmed by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and BET analyses. Notably, the specific surface area increased from 54.46 to 130.7 m2/g, while XRD revealed a reduction in the SrSnO₃ (200) peak intensity, indicating strong interfacial interaction with NrGO. FTIR verified successful nitrogen incorporation into the GO lattice, and SEM imaging demonstrated uniform dispersion of SrSnO₃ cuboids across the NrGO sheets. Optimised adsorption conditions (pH 7 ± 0.2, 0.4 g/L dosage, 120 min contact time, and 10 mg/L CIP concentration) yielded a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 58.82 mg/g, fitting well with the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics. Thermodynamic parameters confirmed that the process is favourable, spontaneous, and exothermic. Beyond adsorption, the composite exhibited strong antibacterial activity, with MIC values ranging from 62.5 to 250 μg/mL against both Gram-positive (Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus mutans) and Gram-negative (Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholera) strains. Overall, unlike most SrSnO₃-based composites that have primarily been explored as photocatalysts, the SrSnO₃/NrGO composite developed in this study exhibits a distinct dual functionality, demonstrating both superior adsorption capacity for CIP and strong antibacterial activity. This enhanced performance, driven by the NrGO-mediated increase in surface area and active sites, highlights the composite’s novelty and its promising potential as a multifunctional material for integrated wastewater purification and antibacterial applications.

Graphical Abstract