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<p>Disposal of fly ash (FA) in large quantities in landfills poses serious threats to agricultural land and plant life, as it pollutes the environment, degrades ecosystems, and adversely affects animal and human health. The present study assessed the phytoremediation potential of different plant life forms growing around fly ash (FA) dumpsites over two years, encompassing four seasons. Sixteen plant species, including trees, shrubs, herbaceous plants, and aquatic plants, were selected from 3 contaminated sites. The results revealed that among terrestrial plants, herbaceous species accumulated nearly twice as much metal as tree species. This trend was also reflected in the bioaccumulation factor (BAF), with herbaceous species demonstrating comparatively higher BAF values for total metals than trees. The phytoremediation potential varied significantly among plant life forms, plant parts, metal types, seasons, and sites. Seasonal variation indicated a slight reduction in metal concentrations in most plant parts during the post-monsoon season compared to the pre-monsoon period. <i>Hyptis suaveolens</i> showed the highest cumulative accumulation across multiple metals, whereas <i>Typha latifolia</i> exhibited higher accumulation for specific metals. Among tree species, <i>Acacia</i> sp. effectively accumulated Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Zn, whereas <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i> showed efficient accumulation of Cr, Fe, Cu, As, and Pb. Based on these findings, <i>Typha latifolia</i> is recommended for the remediation of Fe and Mn from contaminated soil and water, while <i>Pennisetum setaceum</i> demonstrated effective uptake of Fe and Cr from FA-contaminated soils. Additionally, herbaceous species such as <i>Alternanthera sessilis</i> and <i>Hyptis suaveolens</i> were found to be suitable for remediating Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and As from contaminated soils. Overall, the study concludes that the strategic use of metal-tolerant herbs, shrubs, and trees can effectively remediate FA-contaminated soils, while simultaneously enhancing biodiversity and improving the overall ecological health of degraded lands.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Disentangling Life-form and Seasonal Effects on Heavy Metal Accumulation in Plant Communities of Fly Ash Disposal Sites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月2日

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  • Ashutosh Pandey,
  • Sanjay Dwivedi,
  • Dibyendu Adhikari,
  • Soumit Kumar Behera,
  • Vinay Kumar Singh,
  • Vivek Pandey

摘要

Disposal of fly ash (FA) in large quantities in landfills poses serious threats to agricultural land and plant life, as it pollutes the environment, degrades ecosystems, and adversely affects animal and human health. The present study assessed the phytoremediation potential of different plant life forms growing around fly ash (FA) dumpsites over two years, encompassing four seasons. Sixteen plant species, including trees, shrubs, herbaceous plants, and aquatic plants, were selected from 3 contaminated sites. The results revealed that among terrestrial plants, herbaceous species accumulated nearly twice as much metal as tree species. This trend was also reflected in the bioaccumulation factor (BAF), with herbaceous species demonstrating comparatively higher BAF values for total metals than trees. The phytoremediation potential varied significantly among plant life forms, plant parts, metal types, seasons, and sites. Seasonal variation indicated a slight reduction in metal concentrations in most plant parts during the post-monsoon season compared to the pre-monsoon period. Hyptis suaveolens showed the highest cumulative accumulation across multiple metals, whereas Typha latifolia exhibited higher accumulation for specific metals. Among tree species, Acacia sp. effectively accumulated Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Zn, whereas Leucaena leucocephala showed efficient accumulation of Cr, Fe, Cu, As, and Pb. Based on these findings, Typha latifolia is recommended for the remediation of Fe and Mn from contaminated soil and water, while Pennisetum setaceum demonstrated effective uptake of Fe and Cr from FA-contaminated soils. Additionally, herbaceous species such as Alternanthera sessilis and Hyptis suaveolens were found to be suitable for remediating Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and As from contaminated soils. Overall, the study concludes that the strategic use of metal-tolerant herbs, shrubs, and trees can effectively remediate FA-contaminated soils, while simultaneously enhancing biodiversity and improving the overall ecological health of degraded lands.

Graphical Abstract