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<p>Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are a practical way to produce power while treating heavy metals. The purpose of this work is to solve the issues of electron production in MFCs by using natural plant organic substrates such as&#xa0;jackfruit and lettuce waste. Jackfruit reached a maximum power density (PD) of 11.40 mW/m<sup>2</sup> with a maximum peak of 402.50&#xa0;mV in continuous batch mode, while lettuce waste produced a maximum PD of 9.30 mW/m<sup>2</sup> and a maximum voltage of 264&#xa0;mV. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) in electrochemical investigation revealed a mature biofilm and a slow growth, with a specific capacitance (Cp) of 0.00011 F/g on day 50 for jackfruit. Additionally, EIS studies showed that using jackfruit waste as an organic substitute had a low resistance impact on better charge transfer. Both substrates removed Pb(II) and Cd(II) from 50&#xa0;ppm/L in 50&#xa0;days. Jackfruit removed 82.01% Pb(II) and 89.00% Cd(II), whereas lettuce attained 65.19% and 75.11%. According to SEM–EDX, MFCs operation had healthy biofilms and more bacterial colonization. A sustainable option for MFCs, jackfruit might generate electricity and remove pollutants. Priorities for future research should include improving the substrate, finding ways to scale it, and incorporating it into hybrid treatment systems.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Role of Plant-Derived Organic Substrates in Microbial Fuel Cells: Green Energy Production and Wastewater Metal Treatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月18日

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  • Mohammed B. Alshammari,
  • Akil Ahmad,
  • Iram Malik,
  • Sidra Shahnawaz,
  • Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim,
  • Asim Ali Yaqoob

摘要

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are a practical way to produce power while treating heavy metals. The purpose of this work is to solve the issues of electron production in MFCs by using natural plant organic substrates such as jackfruit and lettuce waste. Jackfruit reached a maximum power density (PD) of 11.40 mW/m2 with a maximum peak of 402.50 mV in continuous batch mode, while lettuce waste produced a maximum PD of 9.30 mW/m2 and a maximum voltage of 264 mV. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) in electrochemical investigation revealed a mature biofilm and a slow growth, with a specific capacitance (Cp) of 0.00011 F/g on day 50 for jackfruit. Additionally, EIS studies showed that using jackfruit waste as an organic substitute had a low resistance impact on better charge transfer. Both substrates removed Pb(II) and Cd(II) from 50 ppm/L in 50 days. Jackfruit removed 82.01% Pb(II) and 89.00% Cd(II), whereas lettuce attained 65.19% and 75.11%. According to SEM–EDX, MFCs operation had healthy biofilms and more bacterial colonization. A sustainable option for MFCs, jackfruit might generate electricity and remove pollutants. Priorities for future research should include improving the substrate, finding ways to scale it, and incorporating it into hybrid treatment systems.

Graphical Abstract