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<p>The contamination of water bodies with synthetic dyes, such as Methylene Blue (MB) and Eriochrome Black T (EBT), poses significant environmental risks. This study evaluates acetic acid-activated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Ace-MWCNTs) as an adsorbent for removing these dyes from aqueous solutions. Ace-MWCNTs were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and demonstrated high adsorption efficiency of 97% for Methylene Blue (MB) and 91% for Erichrome Black T (EBT) within 60 and 120&#xa0;min, respectively. The adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics, suggesting chemical adsorption, and matched the Freundlich isotherm, indicating multilayer adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacities were 110.74&#xa0;mg/g for MB and 363.63&#xa0;mg/g for EBT. Competitive adsorption analysis showed that MB had a stronger affinity for the material, while industrial sample analysis revealed removal efficiencies of 92.21% for MB and 73.59% for EBT, with reduced efficiency due to competition from other dyes. Desorption studies showed minimal desorption for EBT and enhanced desorption of MB using hydrochloric acid (HCl). This research highlights the potential of Ace-MWCNTs as an efficient, sustainable material for removing harmful dyes from wastewater, demonstrating their applicability in industrial settings.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Remediating Methylene Blue and Eriochrome Black T by Acid Activated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月12日

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  • Sultan Muhammad,
  • Zubaah Khalid,
  • Maria Khan,
  • Ammara Aftab,
  • Muhammad Waseem

摘要

The contamination of water bodies with synthetic dyes, such as Methylene Blue (MB) and Eriochrome Black T (EBT), poses significant environmental risks. This study evaluates acetic acid-activated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Ace-MWCNTs) as an adsorbent for removing these dyes from aqueous solutions. Ace-MWCNTs were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and demonstrated high adsorption efficiency of 97% for Methylene Blue (MB) and 91% for Erichrome Black T (EBT) within 60 and 120 min, respectively. The adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics, suggesting chemical adsorption, and matched the Freundlich isotherm, indicating multilayer adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacities were 110.74 mg/g for MB and 363.63 mg/g for EBT. Competitive adsorption analysis showed that MB had a stronger affinity for the material, while industrial sample analysis revealed removal efficiencies of 92.21% for MB and 73.59% for EBT, with reduced efficiency due to competition from other dyes. Desorption studies showed minimal desorption for EBT and enhanced desorption of MB using hydrochloric acid (HCl). This research highlights the potential of Ace-MWCNTs as an efficient, sustainable material for removing harmful dyes from wastewater, demonstrating their applicability in industrial settings.

Graphical Abstract