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<p>Phytoremediation technology uses plants to rehabilitate contaminated environments. This study assessed the differences in physicochemical properties of biochars from the roots and the shoots of <i>Baumea rubiginosa</i> (<i>B</i>. <i>rubiginosa</i>), <i>Phragmites australis</i> (<i>P</i>. <i>australis</i>)<i>,</i> and <i>Schoenoplectus tarbenaemontani</i> (<i>S. tarbenaemontani</i>) phytoremediation biomasses. The roots and shoots of these biomasses were pyrolyzed at 500&#xa0;°C for 30&#xa0;min, and the physicochemical properties (heavy metal content, electrical conductivity, pH, surface functional groups, crystalline mineral phases, and point zero charge) of the subsequent biochars were characterized. This study showed that <i>Phragmites australis</i> roots (PAR) had slightly higher bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) for Co (0.69), Cu (0.16), Ni (0.35), and Zn (0.22), whereas BRS showed a higher BAF for Cr (0.12) compared to other plant species. Biochars from the roots had higher Co, Cu, Ni, and Zn concentrations, and higher electrical conductivity, but lower pH values, compared to biochars from the shoots. The FTIR spectra showed that shoot-derived biochars exhibited more distinct peaks associated with oxygen-containing functional groups<b>.</b> Biochars from the shoots showed more porous structures than those from the roots, with <i>P. australis</i> having the most porous structure, followed by <i>S. tarbenaemontani</i> and <i>B. rubiginosa</i><b>.</b> The point zero charge (pHpzc) values of biochars from the roots were comparably lower than those of biochars from the shoots. In practice, the biochars assessed in this study could be used as adsorbents for positively charged pollutants, as they carry net negative charges, except for the <i>Phragmites australis</i> shoots-derived biochar (BCPAS).</p>

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Comparative Analysis of Physicochemical Properties of Biochars from the Roots and Shoots of Phytoremediation Biomasses

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月10日

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  • Katlarelo L. Sefatlhi,
  • Naledi B. Kgakishi,
  • Venecio U. Ultra Jr.,
  • Stephen Majoni,
  • Sylwia Oleszek,
  • Trust Manyiwa,
  • Gorata Ishmael,
  • Koziba Gaothobogwe

摘要

Phytoremediation technology uses plants to rehabilitate contaminated environments. This study assessed the differences in physicochemical properties of biochars from the roots and the shoots of Baumea rubiginosa (B. rubiginosa), Phragmites australis (P. australis), and Schoenoplectus tarbenaemontani (S. tarbenaemontani) phytoremediation biomasses. The roots and shoots of these biomasses were pyrolyzed at 500 °C for 30 min, and the physicochemical properties (heavy metal content, electrical conductivity, pH, surface functional groups, crystalline mineral phases, and point zero charge) of the subsequent biochars were characterized. This study showed that Phragmites australis roots (PAR) had slightly higher bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) for Co (0.69), Cu (0.16), Ni (0.35), and Zn (0.22), whereas BRS showed a higher BAF for Cr (0.12) compared to other plant species. Biochars from the roots had higher Co, Cu, Ni, and Zn concentrations, and higher electrical conductivity, but lower pH values, compared to biochars from the shoots. The FTIR spectra showed that shoot-derived biochars exhibited more distinct peaks associated with oxygen-containing functional groups. Biochars from the shoots showed more porous structures than those from the roots, with P. australis having the most porous structure, followed by S. tarbenaemontani and B. rubiginosa. The point zero charge (pHpzc) values of biochars from the roots were comparably lower than those of biochars from the shoots. In practice, the biochars assessed in this study could be used as adsorbents for positively charged pollutants, as they carry net negative charges, except for the Phragmites australis shoots-derived biochar (BCPAS).