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<p>Improving park accessibility is a widely recognized indicator of sustainable urban development. Beyond issues of planning efficiency, the equitable allocation of parks represents a matter of social justice and even a basic human right, closely tied to the principles of environmental justice. Accordingly, urban planners and researchers emphasize that the distribution of socioeconomic status must be considered when assessing urban service accessibility. However, existing analytical approaches in this field have not sufficiently evolved to integrate multidimensional measures of poverty with spatial accessibility analysis, leaving an important research gap. In Iran and similar developing contexts, this gap limits the ability to identify where environmental inequalities are most concentrated. This study followed a quantitative spatial analytical approach to assess the spatial correlation between urban poverty and park accessibility in Tabriz, Iran. A composite poverty index was developed using 21 socioeconomic indicators through factor analysis, while park accessibility was measured with a supply-demand ratio method within a 900-meter service threshold. Spatial analyses, including Moran’s I and bivariate spatial correlation, were then applied using GIS. The results indicated a significant negative correlation between urban poverty and park accessibility (bivariate Moran’s I = − 0.372, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), demonstrating that high-poverty neighborhoods have markedly lower access to parks. Specifically, 72% of high-poverty blocks fall in low-park accessibility blocks, highlighting the intensity of spatial inequality. This finding underscores concentrated forms of environmental inequality, especially in northern Tabriz. By integrating multidimensional poverty analysis with spatial accessibility modeling, the study contributes a novel approach to evaluating environmental justice in urban planning. Policy recommendations highlight the need to prioritize low-income neighborhoods in future park development, in line with the Sustainable Development Goals.</p>

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Park Accessibility and Environmental Justice: A Spatial Analysis of Urban Poverty in Tabriz, Iran

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月29日

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  • Sayedeh Alemohammad,
  • Ayoub Manouchehri Miandoab,
  • Majid Ramezani Mehrian

摘要

Improving park accessibility is a widely recognized indicator of sustainable urban development. Beyond issues of planning efficiency, the equitable allocation of parks represents a matter of social justice and even a basic human right, closely tied to the principles of environmental justice. Accordingly, urban planners and researchers emphasize that the distribution of socioeconomic status must be considered when assessing urban service accessibility. However, existing analytical approaches in this field have not sufficiently evolved to integrate multidimensional measures of poverty with spatial accessibility analysis, leaving an important research gap. In Iran and similar developing contexts, this gap limits the ability to identify where environmental inequalities are most concentrated. This study followed a quantitative spatial analytical approach to assess the spatial correlation between urban poverty and park accessibility in Tabriz, Iran. A composite poverty index was developed using 21 socioeconomic indicators through factor analysis, while park accessibility was measured with a supply-demand ratio method within a 900-meter service threshold. Spatial analyses, including Moran’s I and bivariate spatial correlation, were then applied using GIS. The results indicated a significant negative correlation between urban poverty and park accessibility (bivariate Moran’s I = − 0.372, p < 0.01), demonstrating that high-poverty neighborhoods have markedly lower access to parks. Specifically, 72% of high-poverty blocks fall in low-park accessibility blocks, highlighting the intensity of spatial inequality. This finding underscores concentrated forms of environmental inequality, especially in northern Tabriz. By integrating multidimensional poverty analysis with spatial accessibility modeling, the study contributes a novel approach to evaluating environmental justice in urban planning. Policy recommendations highlight the need to prioritize low-income neighborhoods in future park development, in line with the Sustainable Development Goals.