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<p>This study presents the synthesis of a Sulfonated <i>Pennisetum Glaucum</i> (S-PG) biosorbent derived from agricultural waste as an effective adsorbent for removing cationic dyes – Auramine O (AO), Methylene Blue (MB), and Methyl Violet (MV). The synthesized biosorbent was characterized using different techniques, like Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray Powder Diffractometer (XRD). Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied to improve the adsorption process and assess the interdependent impacts of adsorbent dosage, pH, and dye concentration on dye removal efficiency. Thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption process was exothermic with an enthalpy value of ΔH: AO = -6.45 KJ/mol, MB = -34.35 KJ/mol, MV = -11.17 KJ/mol. The kinetic and isotherm analysis revealed that the Pseudo-Second-Order model and the Langmuir isotherm model provided the most appropriate for all the three dyes. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (q<sub>max</sub>.) was attained from the Langmuir isotherm model for AO (174.21&#xa0;mg/g), MB (176.67&#xa0;mg/g), and MV (190.83&#xa0;mg/g). Further, the competitive and synergistic effects in binary and ternary systems were analyzed using a Modified Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption mechanisms involved electrostatic interactions, π–π stacking, and hydrogen bonding. Hence, S-PG offers a sustainable, cost-effective, and efficient approach to removing dyes from wastewater.</p>

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Simultaneous Adsorptive Removal of Three Cationic Dyes by Using a Sulfonated Pennisetum Glaucum Biosorbent: Statistical Optimization and Adsorption Dynamics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • Anisha Grewal,
  • Aniket Singh,
  • Nishita Sharma,
  • Partiksha Panghal,
  • Sarita Yadav,
  • Surender Kumar

摘要

This study presents the synthesis of a Sulfonated Pennisetum Glaucum (S-PG) biosorbent derived from agricultural waste as an effective adsorbent for removing cationic dyes – Auramine O (AO), Methylene Blue (MB), and Methyl Violet (MV). The synthesized biosorbent was characterized using different techniques, like Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray Powder Diffractometer (XRD). Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied to improve the adsorption process and assess the interdependent impacts of adsorbent dosage, pH, and dye concentration on dye removal efficiency. Thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption process was exothermic with an enthalpy value of ΔH: AO = -6.45 KJ/mol, MB = -34.35 KJ/mol, MV = -11.17 KJ/mol. The kinetic and isotherm analysis revealed that the Pseudo-Second-Order model and the Langmuir isotherm model provided the most appropriate for all the three dyes. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (qmax.) was attained from the Langmuir isotherm model for AO (174.21 mg/g), MB (176.67 mg/g), and MV (190.83 mg/g). Further, the competitive and synergistic effects in binary and ternary systems were analyzed using a Modified Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption mechanisms involved electrostatic interactions, π–π stacking, and hydrogen bonding. Hence, S-PG offers a sustainable, cost-effective, and efficient approach to removing dyes from wastewater.