<p>Rapid technological change and increasing device usage have made electronic waste, also known as "e-waste," a significant environmental and public health concern in India and worldwide. This review synthesizes scientific literature and open-access state-wise datasets (2016–2023) to (1) quantify regional e-waste generation and processing trends, (2) assess the hazards to human health and the environment posed by unofficial recycling procedures. (3) evaluate current metal-recovery technologies (physical, thermochemical, hydrometallurgical, and bio-metallurgical), and (4) examine policy instruments—particularly Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)—and barriers to their effective implementation. Methods combine a systematic literature survey, bibliometric mapping, and statistical analysis of governmental data (Nandi and Dhar 2025) to provide an integrated picture of India’s e-waste landscape. Key results include widespread dependence on informal recycling, which exposes people to heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants; significant regional differences in generation versus formal processing capacity; and encouraging but underdeveloped recovery methods, such as bioleaching. The review concludes with targeted recommendations: scale up formal infrastructure, integrate and upskill informal workers, incentivize design-for-durability and circular-economy practices, and prioritize investments in environmentally safe recovery technologies alongside stronger regulatory enforcement and public awareness. These measures are crucial in transforming India’s e-waste challenge into an opportunity for sustainable resource recovery. This study uniquely combines state-level (2016–2023) open-data analysis with bibliometric mapping and a technical-readiness review to provide an integrated assessment of India’s e-waste sector.</p>