<p>Artisanal brick kilns emit significant quantities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), representing a persistent environmental and public health concern. Therefore, this study analyses PAH contamination in water bodies surrounding brick kilns and proposed as a low-cost and easy-to-manage alternative reduce emissions of pollutants from the chimneys, the use of wet scrubber systems integrated to an airlift bioreactor (ALB). Water examples were collected in three brick kiln economic units, Yerbabuena (Guanajuato), San Nicolás (Querétaro), and Terceras (San Luis Potosí). A sample volume of 1 L was collected at each sampling point and stored at 4&#xa0;°C until analysis. PAHs were extracted by liquid/liquid extraction and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Oxygen/diesel transfer parameters in the ALB were evaluated by dynamic numerical method. PAH concentrations ranged from 0.71 to 88.49&#xa0;µg L⁻<sup>1</sup>, with pyrene being the most prevalent compound. The residual diesel was evaluated for six superficial gas velocity (Ug) values between 0.5–3.5&#xa0;cm&#xa0;s<sup>−1</sup>, the final biodegradation rate ranged was from 47.18–92.82% of the initial concentration of 13 000&#xa0;µg L<sup>−1</sup> of diesel. Volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\text{k}}_{{\text{L}}} {\text{a}}_{{{\text{O}}2}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) was increased by increasing the superficial gas velocity from 2.6–6.7&#xa0;h<sup>−1</sup>. The Maximum oxygen transfer rate (OTR) values ranged from 8.84 ± 0.71 to 22.78 ± 3.02 g<sub>O2</sub> L<sup>−1</sup>&#xa0;h<sup>−1</sup>, being higher in the first days. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of integrating ALBs into brick kiln wet scrubbers to reduce PAH emissions and promote sustainable remediation practices in artisanal production systems.</p>

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Airlift Bioreactors as an Alternative for Bioremediation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Wastewater Wet Scrubbers in Artisanal Brick Kilns

  • Francisco Javier Pérez-Vázquez,
  • Elber José Sandoval-Herazo,
  • Juan Carlos Fernández-Macías,
  • Manuel Alejandro Lizardi-Jiménez

摘要

Artisanal brick kilns emit significant quantities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), representing a persistent environmental and public health concern. Therefore, this study analyses PAH contamination in water bodies surrounding brick kilns and proposed as a low-cost and easy-to-manage alternative reduce emissions of pollutants from the chimneys, the use of wet scrubber systems integrated to an airlift bioreactor (ALB). Water examples were collected in three brick kiln economic units, Yerbabuena (Guanajuato), San Nicolás (Querétaro), and Terceras (San Luis Potosí). A sample volume of 1 L was collected at each sampling point and stored at 4 °C until analysis. PAHs were extracted by liquid/liquid extraction and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Oxygen/diesel transfer parameters in the ALB were evaluated by dynamic numerical method. PAH concentrations ranged from 0.71 to 88.49 µg L⁻1, with pyrene being the most prevalent compound. The residual diesel was evaluated for six superficial gas velocity (Ug) values between 0.5–3.5 cm s−1, the final biodegradation rate ranged was from 47.18–92.82% of the initial concentration of 13 000 µg L−1 of diesel. Volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient ( \({\text{k}}_{{\text{L}}} {\text{a}}_{{{\text{O}}2}}\) ) was increased by increasing the superficial gas velocity from 2.6–6.7 h−1. The Maximum oxygen transfer rate (OTR) values ranged from 8.84 ± 0.71 to 22.78 ± 3.02 gO2 L−1 h−1, being higher in the first days. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of integrating ALBs into brick kiln wet scrubbers to reduce PAH emissions and promote sustainable remediation practices in artisanal production systems.