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<p>This study assesses the adsorption efficacy of brewers' spent grains (BSG), in both raw and chemically modified states, for the elimination of Bemacid Red textile (BR) dye. The objective is to ascertain the impact of various chemical treatments (H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>, NaOH and CH<sub>3</sub>–CO–CH<sub>3</sub>) on adsorption efficiency via structural and compositional alterations. The adsorption capacity and kinetics are examined, and the experimental data are modeled using classical isotherms (Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin) to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. A comprehensive physic-statistical steric study augments the comprehension of interactions between dye molecules and the active sites of raw and treated BSG.</p><p>The kinetic modeling results indicate that the pseudo-second-order model (R<sup>2</sup> &gt;0.99) more precisely represents the adsorption kinetics of Bemacid Red on different substrates. The Langmuir model's Form II most correctly represents the experimental results, demonstrating a R<sup>2</sup> value exceeding 0.98 relative to alternative models. The computed steric parameter values n &gt;1 of physic-statistical model indicate that each Bemacid Red molecule occupies a singular active site, presumably adsorbing in a vertical orientation. The findings highlight the effectiveness of NaOH-treated BSG as a capable (qm = 153 mg/g), cost-effective and eco-friendly adsorbent, exhibiting markedly enhanced performance after treatment relative to other evaluated adsorbents. This research enhances the utilization of treated agro-industrial by-products for the treatment of textile wastewater.</p>

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Optimization of Bemacid Red Dye Adsorption Using Raw and Treated Brewery Waste: Isotherm and Physic-Statistical Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月10日

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  • Fouzia Ouazani,
  • Mokhtaria Reguig,
  • Yamina Chergui,
  • Soumia Benkhatou,
  • Radia Imane Fertoute,
  • Mohammed el Amin Said,
  • Khedidja Benouis,
  • Soufiane Guella

摘要

This study assesses the adsorption efficacy of brewers' spent grains (BSG), in both raw and chemically modified states, for the elimination of Bemacid Red textile (BR) dye. The objective is to ascertain the impact of various chemical treatments (H3PO4, NaOH and CH3–CO–CH3) on adsorption efficiency via structural and compositional alterations. The adsorption capacity and kinetics are examined, and the experimental data are modeled using classical isotherms (Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin) to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. A comprehensive physic-statistical steric study augments the comprehension of interactions between dye molecules and the active sites of raw and treated BSG.

The kinetic modeling results indicate that the pseudo-second-order model (R2 >0.99) more precisely represents the adsorption kinetics of Bemacid Red on different substrates. The Langmuir model's Form II most correctly represents the experimental results, demonstrating a R2 value exceeding 0.98 relative to alternative models. The computed steric parameter values n >1 of physic-statistical model indicate that each Bemacid Red molecule occupies a singular active site, presumably adsorbing in a vertical orientation. The findings highlight the effectiveness of NaOH-treated BSG as a capable (qm = 153 mg/g), cost-effective and eco-friendly adsorbent, exhibiting markedly enhanced performance after treatment relative to other evaluated adsorbents. This research enhances the utilization of treated agro-industrial by-products for the treatment of textile wastewater.