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<p>Microalgae such as <i>Dunaliella salina</i> are rich in valuable compounds, including β-carotene, lipids, and proteins. However, harvesting <i>D. salina</i> is challenging due to its low cell density and small size. Electrocoagulation-flotation (ECF) is a promising alternative to conventional chemical coagulation, offering advantages such as lower energy use and minimal secondary pollution. This study investigates the use of ECF with aluminum (Al) electrodes as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective alternative to conventional harvesting methods. The process was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken design (BBD), focusing on three factors: voltage, pH, and stirring speed. The optimum conditions were 3.98&#xa0;V, pH of 4.5, and 390.86&#xa0;rpm, resulting in a harvesting efficiency of 90.49%. Kinetic analysis showed that the pseudo-second-order model best described the process, indicating rapid separation in the early stages. ECF was also found to have minimal impact on biomass quality, although slight reductions in lipid, protein, and carbohydrate contents were observed. FTIR analysis confirmed chemical alterations in the harvested biomass. The process produced negligible Al residue (&lt; 0.001&#xa0;mg/L), and the spent medium could be reused for microalgae cultivation without inhibiting growth. Additionally, the Al electrodes showed good reusability across multiple cycles with consistent performance. These findings demonstrate that ECF is a reliable and sustainable method for harvesting <i>D. salina</i>, with significant potential for scale-up and industrial application.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Response Surface Optimization of Electrocoagulation-Flotation Using Aluminum Electrode for Harvesting Marine Microalgae Dunaliella salina

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月17日

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  • Wahyu Diski Pratama,
  • Hadiyanto,
  • I Nyoman Widiasa,
  • Alfan Rizky Saputra,
  • Fransiskus Fyrmansah Verlanda

摘要

Microalgae such as Dunaliella salina are rich in valuable compounds, including β-carotene, lipids, and proteins. However, harvesting D. salina is challenging due to its low cell density and small size. Electrocoagulation-flotation (ECF) is a promising alternative to conventional chemical coagulation, offering advantages such as lower energy use and minimal secondary pollution. This study investigates the use of ECF with aluminum (Al) electrodes as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective alternative to conventional harvesting methods. The process was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken design (BBD), focusing on three factors: voltage, pH, and stirring speed. The optimum conditions were 3.98 V, pH of 4.5, and 390.86 rpm, resulting in a harvesting efficiency of 90.49%. Kinetic analysis showed that the pseudo-second-order model best described the process, indicating rapid separation in the early stages. ECF was also found to have minimal impact on biomass quality, although slight reductions in lipid, protein, and carbohydrate contents were observed. FTIR analysis confirmed chemical alterations in the harvested biomass. The process produced negligible Al residue (< 0.001 mg/L), and the spent medium could be reused for microalgae cultivation without inhibiting growth. Additionally, the Al electrodes showed good reusability across multiple cycles with consistent performance. These findings demonstrate that ECF is a reliable and sustainable method for harvesting D. salina, with significant potential for scale-up and industrial application.

Graphical Abstract