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<p>This paper examines the impact of urbanization on Delhi's biophysical landscape, highlighting the transition from green spaces to grey infrastructure. The city has experienced significant changes in land use and land cover (LULC), resulting in the depletion of natural ecosystems and the proliferation of built environments. Utilizing Remote sensing (RS) data and Geographical information system (GIS), this study quantifies changes in LULC from 1975 to 2022. The urbanization intensity was assessed by estimating LULC transformation and through computing land expansion indices (LEI). The impact of urban growth on urban landscape was discovered using normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI), normalized differential built-up index (NDBI), normalized differential water index (NDWI), land surface temperature (LST), and by establishing correlation between them. The outcomes indicated that the city has witnessed about 50% urban expansion during 47 years, representing a ~300% increase in built-up area (from 158.16 km<sup>2</sup> to 921.74 km<sup>2</sup>). Vegetation cover declined by approximately 60% (from 492.69 km<sup>2</sup> to 244.94 km<sup>2</sup>), while agricultural land reduced by ~62% (from 806.46 km<sup>2</sup> to 306.65 km<sup>2</sup>), and water surfaces decreased by 45% (from 26.69 km<sup>2</sup> to 10.67 km<sup>2</sup>). The city has experienced a rise of 5&#xa0;°C temperature during the study period. In 1990, the temperature in most of the areas varies between 25 to 35&#xa0;°C which has increased to 30 to 40&#xa0;°C in 2022. During the period the sparsely vegetated area has declined from 39% to 15% and the dense vegetation cover has increased from 27% to 66%. Our findings reveal a significant association between LST, NDVI, NDBI, and NDWI. These outcomes underscore the urgent need for sustainable urban planning to mitigate adverse environmental impacts and preserve the ecological balance in rapidly urbanizing regions. Policy interventions targeting to improve urban sustainability and prevent the urban heat island effects should focus on the growth of green infrastructures and restoration of water bodies.</p>

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From Green to Grey: The Effect of Urbanization on Biophysical Landscape of Delhi

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月24日

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  • Shahid Rahmat,
  • Md Rashid,
  • Sk Mithun

摘要

This paper examines the impact of urbanization on Delhi's biophysical landscape, highlighting the transition from green spaces to grey infrastructure. The city has experienced significant changes in land use and land cover (LULC), resulting in the depletion of natural ecosystems and the proliferation of built environments. Utilizing Remote sensing (RS) data and Geographical information system (GIS), this study quantifies changes in LULC from 1975 to 2022. The urbanization intensity was assessed by estimating LULC transformation and through computing land expansion indices (LEI). The impact of urban growth on urban landscape was discovered using normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI), normalized differential built-up index (NDBI), normalized differential water index (NDWI), land surface temperature (LST), and by establishing correlation between them. The outcomes indicated that the city has witnessed about 50% urban expansion during 47 years, representing a ~300% increase in built-up area (from 158.16 km2 to 921.74 km2). Vegetation cover declined by approximately 60% (from 492.69 km2 to 244.94 km2), while agricultural land reduced by ~62% (from 806.46 km2 to 306.65 km2), and water surfaces decreased by 45% (from 26.69 km2 to 10.67 km2). The city has experienced a rise of 5 °C temperature during the study period. In 1990, the temperature in most of the areas varies between 25 to 35 °C which has increased to 30 to 40 °C in 2022. During the period the sparsely vegetated area has declined from 39% to 15% and the dense vegetation cover has increased from 27% to 66%. Our findings reveal a significant association between LST, NDVI, NDBI, and NDWI. These outcomes underscore the urgent need for sustainable urban planning to mitigate adverse environmental impacts and preserve the ecological balance in rapidly urbanizing regions. Policy interventions targeting to improve urban sustainability and prevent the urban heat island effects should focus on the growth of green infrastructures and restoration of water bodies.