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<p>Prolific discharge of metals and other trace elements in aquatic ecosystem poses serious health concerns in human population particularly through fish consumption. In this study, exposureto toxic trace elements viz. As, Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Ni were investigated in muscles of 24 fish species along with water and sediments samples collected from different headworks of river Chenab and Ravi, Pakistan. Further, dietary proxies i.e. <i>δ15</i>N and <i>δ13</i>C were analysed to validate the trophic level and dietary carbon sources of fish species, respectively. The pattern of metals and trace metals in fish reflected the trend as Fe &gt; Zn &gt; Mn &gt; Pb &gt; Ni &gt; Cu &gt; Cr and Fe &gt; Mn &gt; Zn &gt; As &gt; Ni &gt; Cr &gt; Pb &gt; Cu in Ravi and Chenab River respectively. Analysis of variance revealed significant (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) differences of As and Mn between rivers and headwork. Elements such as Cr, Cu, Mn, Fe and Zn showed positive association with <i>δ15N</i> but not with <i>δ13C</i> values reflecting their increasing trend with higher trophic levels. In general, variables such as species, rivers and <i>δ15N</i> are found as major predictor for metals and trace elements concentrations in fish muscles. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) and Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) showed <i>Xentodon cancila</i> and <i>Labeo calbasu</i> as the most contaminatedfish species respectively.The health risk assessment revealed considerable risk to human population particularly for As, Pb and Cr which should be mitigated effectively to avoid future worst scenario. This baseline study provides striking evidence of ongoing use of toxic trace elements the exposure of which is posing serious risk to human health. A comprehensive management of industrial and urban waste as well as agricultural runoff can limit the pollution loads in rivers of Pakistan.</p>

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Deciphering Exposure of Trace Elements in Fish of Ravi and Chenab Rivers Through Dietary Proxies (δ15N, δ13C) and Associated Human Health Risks

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月17日

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  • Umme Aiman,
  • Naeem Akhtar Abbasi,
  • Muzaffar Majid Chaudhry

摘要

Prolific discharge of metals and other trace elements in aquatic ecosystem poses serious health concerns in human population particularly through fish consumption. In this study, exposureto toxic trace elements viz. As, Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Ni were investigated in muscles of 24 fish species along with water and sediments samples collected from different headworks of river Chenab and Ravi, Pakistan. Further, dietary proxies i.e. δ15N and δ13C were analysed to validate the trophic level and dietary carbon sources of fish species, respectively. The pattern of metals and trace metals in fish reflected the trend as Fe > Zn > Mn > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cr and Fe > Mn > Zn > As > Ni > Cr > Pb > Cu in Ravi and Chenab River respectively. Analysis of variance revealed significant (P < 0.05) differences of As and Mn between rivers and headwork. Elements such as Cr, Cu, Mn, Fe and Zn showed positive association with δ15N but not with δ13C values reflecting their increasing trend with higher trophic levels. In general, variables such as species, rivers and δ15N are found as major predictor for metals and trace elements concentrations in fish muscles. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) and Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) showed Xentodon cancila and Labeo calbasu as the most contaminatedfish species respectively.The health risk assessment revealed considerable risk to human population particularly for As, Pb and Cr which should be mitigated effectively to avoid future worst scenario. This baseline study provides striking evidence of ongoing use of toxic trace elements the exposure of which is posing serious risk to human health. A comprehensive management of industrial and urban waste as well as agricultural runoff can limit the pollution loads in rivers of Pakistan.