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<p>This study showed the performance of low-grade coal in treating toxic pesticide-laden real effluents. Primarily, Imidacloprid (ca. 20 ppm), Atrazine (ca. 10 ppm), and Chlorpyrifos (ca. 16 ppm) were detected in the water sampled from different sites. SEM, TEM, EDS, XRF, FT-IR, TGA, and Zeta potential were performed to understand surface morphology, chemical composition, thermal stability, and surface charge characteristics of coal. Data analysis showed that a change in the bed height caused the maximum difference in break-point time. Since break-point time is indicative of column exhaustion and switching to bed regeneration, the results indicate that increasing bed height leads to longer adsorption cycles. For 2.5, 5, and 10&#xa0;cm bed heights, the removal percentages were: Imidacloprid (48%, 69%, 97.6%); Atrazine (39.6%, 54.1%, 85.9%); and Chlorpyrifos (43%, 61.7%, 94%), respectively. The mass transfer zone (MTZ) increased with an increase in bed height. Thomas’ model best fits the breakthrough data, predicting higher <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:{\varvec{q}}_{\varvec{o}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> values for Imidacloprid, followed by Chlorpyrifos, and Atrazine. Thomas’ kinetic coefficient at each operating condition shows: [<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:{\varvec{k}}_{\varvec{T}\varvec{h}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>]<sub>Imidacloprid</sub> &gt;[<InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:{\varvec{k}}_{\varvec{T}\varvec{h}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>]<sub>Chlorpyrifos</sub> &gt;[<InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:{\varvec{k}}_{\varvec{T}\varvec{h}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>]<sub>Atrazine</sub>. The column was effectively operated for 5 regeneration cycles, showing the potential of low-grade coal as a sustainable material for removing pesticides from contaminated water sources.</p>

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Removal of Agricultural Run-off Water Borne Toxic Pesticides Using Low-Grade Bituminous Coal in a Continuous Column Set-Up

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月30日

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  • Smruti Smita Sahoo,
  • Rushabh K. Kale,
  • Pradip Chowdhury

摘要

This study showed the performance of low-grade coal in treating toxic pesticide-laden real effluents. Primarily, Imidacloprid (ca. 20 ppm), Atrazine (ca. 10 ppm), and Chlorpyrifos (ca. 16 ppm) were detected in the water sampled from different sites. SEM, TEM, EDS, XRF, FT-IR, TGA, and Zeta potential were performed to understand surface morphology, chemical composition, thermal stability, and surface charge characteristics of coal. Data analysis showed that a change in the bed height caused the maximum difference in break-point time. Since break-point time is indicative of column exhaustion and switching to bed regeneration, the results indicate that increasing bed height leads to longer adsorption cycles. For 2.5, 5, and 10 cm bed heights, the removal percentages were: Imidacloprid (48%, 69%, 97.6%); Atrazine (39.6%, 54.1%, 85.9%); and Chlorpyrifos (43%, 61.7%, 94%), respectively. The mass transfer zone (MTZ) increased with an increase in bed height. Thomas’ model best fits the breakthrough data, predicting higher \(\:{\varvec{q}}_{\varvec{o}}\) values for Imidacloprid, followed by Chlorpyrifos, and Atrazine. Thomas’ kinetic coefficient at each operating condition shows: [ \(\:{\varvec{k}}_{\varvec{T}\varvec{h}}\) ]Imidacloprid >[ \(\:{\varvec{k}}_{\varvec{T}\varvec{h}}\) ]Chlorpyrifos >[ \(\:{\varvec{k}}_{\varvec{T}\varvec{h}}\) ]Atrazine. The column was effectively operated for 5 regeneration cycles, showing the potential of low-grade coal as a sustainable material for removing pesticides from contaminated water sources.