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<p>This study addresses the pressing concern of urban air pollution driven by particulate matter (PM), a major threat to public health. The research begins by examining the dispersion of traffic emissions in Sousse, Tunisia, utilizing the SIRANE model. PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations were measured at 19 model receptors positioned at the city’s most congested road intersections to identify areas most affected by traffic. Three hotspots were pinpointed during peak hours, with PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations of 75.1, 52.1, and 33.6&#xa0;µg/m³ and PM<sub>2.5</sub> values of 45.1, 31.78 and 22.89&#xa0;µg/m³, respectively in Area 1, Area 2 and Area 3. These hourly PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations exceeded the EU standard limit fixed at 40&#xa0;µg/m³ and 25&#xa0;µg/m³, respectively. Next, the GRAL (Graz Lagrangian model) micro-scale dispersion system was employed to analyze these three polluted zones during both rush and non-rush hours. The simulated PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations were then compared with real-time measurements collected using PM pollutant sensors in the identified areas. The results were validated, showing an average fractional bias (FB) within the acceptable range of -0.3 to 0.3 and a normalized mean square error (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:{NMSE}^{\frac{1}{2}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) below 2. Additionally, the mean measurements and modeled ratio of PM<sub>10</sub>/PM<sub>2.5</sub> are higher than 0.5, which suggests that exhaust emissions, tire, and brake wear are the main causes of PM emissions. These insights are crucial for shaping urban planning and air quality management strategies, offering a reliable framework to combat pollution and safeguard public health in urban environments.</p>

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Study of Airborne Particulate Pollution from Road Traffic Emissions in the Coastal Urban Center of Sousse City, Tunisia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月30日

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  • Ahmed Komti,
  • Abdessalem Jbara,
  • Najah Kechiche,
  • Salah Khardi,
  • Khalifa Slimi

摘要

This study addresses the pressing concern of urban air pollution driven by particulate matter (PM), a major threat to public health. The research begins by examining the dispersion of traffic emissions in Sousse, Tunisia, utilizing the SIRANE model. PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were measured at 19 model receptors positioned at the city’s most congested road intersections to identify areas most affected by traffic. Three hotspots were pinpointed during peak hours, with PM10 concentrations of 75.1, 52.1, and 33.6 µg/m³ and PM2.5 values of 45.1, 31.78 and 22.89 µg/m³, respectively in Area 1, Area 2 and Area 3. These hourly PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations exceeded the EU standard limit fixed at 40 µg/m³ and 25 µg/m³, respectively. Next, the GRAL (Graz Lagrangian model) micro-scale dispersion system was employed to analyze these three polluted zones during both rush and non-rush hours. The simulated PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were then compared with real-time measurements collected using PM pollutant sensors in the identified areas. The results were validated, showing an average fractional bias (FB) within the acceptable range of -0.3 to 0.3 and a normalized mean square error ( \(\:{NMSE}^{\frac{1}{2}}\) ) below 2. Additionally, the mean measurements and modeled ratio of PM10/PM2.5 are higher than 0.5, which suggests that exhaust emissions, tire, and brake wear are the main causes of PM emissions. These insights are crucial for shaping urban planning and air quality management strategies, offering a reliable framework to combat pollution and safeguard public health in urban environments.