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<p>Heavy metals, such as lead (Pb), pose significant risks to human health and environmental ecosystems, especially aquatic environments. To address this issue, an adsorption process was employed to remove Pb from aqueous solutions, offering a cost-effective solution. In this study, <i>Chlorococcum dorsiventrale</i> (<i>Chd</i>), a marine microalga, was used as the adsorbent. The microalgal biomass was encapsulated in a sodium alginate (SA) polymer matrix through cross-linking, forming composite beads (Chd-SA). Both batch and fixed-bed column adsorption experiments were carried out to assess the effectiveness of the adsorbent. The Chd-SA beads were characterized before and after Pb adsorption using several analytical techniques, including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). The optimal conditions for Pb removal were determined to be an initial Pb concentration of 50&#xa0;mg L⁻¹, an adsorbent dose of 25&#xa0;mg, a pH of 6, and a contact time of 135&#xa0;min at 25&#xa0;°C. Kinetic analysis revealed that Pb adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order model, and thermodynamic studies indicated an endothermic nature of the adsorption process. The adsorption isotherms showed that the Langmuir model best described Pb batch adsorption, while the Bohart-Adams model was found to fit the fixed-bed column adsorption data. The maximum column adsorption capacity achieved was 167.06&#xa0;mg g⁻¹ (<i>R</i> = 99%) at an initial Pb concentration of 50&#xa0;mg L⁻¹. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the potential of marine microalga-based biosorbents for Pb(II) removal, demonstrating their efficacy in laboratory and continuous flow systems, and highlighting their practical applicability for sustainable water treatment solutions.</p> Graphic Abstract <p></p>

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Eco-friendly Lead Adsorption with Marine Microalgae: Mechanistic and Performance Insights

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月12日

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  • Rihab Hmani,
  • Jihen Elleuch,
  • Imane Haydari,
  • Slim Abdelkafi,
  • Imen Fendri,
  • Tonni Agustiono Kurniawan,
  • Faissal Aziz

摘要

Heavy metals, such as lead (Pb), pose significant risks to human health and environmental ecosystems, especially aquatic environments. To address this issue, an adsorption process was employed to remove Pb from aqueous solutions, offering a cost-effective solution. In this study, Chlorococcum dorsiventrale (Chd), a marine microalga, was used as the adsorbent. The microalgal biomass was encapsulated in a sodium alginate (SA) polymer matrix through cross-linking, forming composite beads (Chd-SA). Both batch and fixed-bed column adsorption experiments were carried out to assess the effectiveness of the adsorbent. The Chd-SA beads were characterized before and after Pb adsorption using several analytical techniques, including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). The optimal conditions for Pb removal were determined to be an initial Pb concentration of 50 mg L⁻¹, an adsorbent dose of 25 mg, a pH of 6, and a contact time of 135 min at 25 °C. Kinetic analysis revealed that Pb adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order model, and thermodynamic studies indicated an endothermic nature of the adsorption process. The adsorption isotherms showed that the Langmuir model best described Pb batch adsorption, while the Bohart-Adams model was found to fit the fixed-bed column adsorption data. The maximum column adsorption capacity achieved was 167.06 mg g⁻¹ (R = 99%) at an initial Pb concentration of 50 mg L⁻¹. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the potential of marine microalga-based biosorbents for Pb(II) removal, demonstrating their efficacy in laboratory and continuous flow systems, and highlighting their practical applicability for sustainable water treatment solutions.

Graphic Abstract