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<p>The microbial degradation of Diquat (DQ), a broad-spectrum herbicide, offers a promising bioremediation strategy to mitigate its environmental and health risks due to its high persistence in water and food sources. In this study, a novel bacterial strain, <i>Bacillus velezensis MW8SH</i>, was isolated and characterized through morphological and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The strain demonstrated remarkable tolerance to DQ, achieving an initial degradation efficiency of 46.7% at 1000&#xa0;µg/L within 3 days at 37&#xa0;°C. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the degradation conditions, identifying a temperature of 37&#xa0;°C, pH of 7.0, DQ concentration of 1000&#xa0;µg/L, incubation time of 6 days, and inoculum dose of 5% as optimal, resulting in 77.7% DQ removal. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed two distinct degradation pathways, producing five metabolites, including 2-piperidinone (99&#xa0;m/z), identified for the first time as a key metabolite of DQ degradation. The practical applicability of <i>Bacillus velezensis MW8SH</i> was validated in real samples containing 1000&#xa0;µg/L DQ, using the same optimized conditions, achieving DQ removal rates of 68.0%, 75.5%, and 79.2% in water, tomato juice, and carrot juice, respectively. This study provides a sustainable and efficient approach for DQ remediation and advances the understanding of its microbial degradation pathways.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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“Enhanced Biodegradation of Diquat Herbicide by Bacillus velezensis MW8SH: Insights into Performance, Degradative Pathways, and Practical Applications”

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月12日

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  • Mohamed Wageed,
  • Hesham M. Mahdy,
  • Mohamed H. Kalaba,
  • Sherein I. Abd El-Moez,
  • Mohamed A. Kelany,
  • Mostafa Soliman

摘要

The microbial degradation of Diquat (DQ), a broad-spectrum herbicide, offers a promising bioremediation strategy to mitigate its environmental and health risks due to its high persistence in water and food sources. In this study, a novel bacterial strain, Bacillus velezensis MW8SH, was isolated and characterized through morphological and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The strain demonstrated remarkable tolerance to DQ, achieving an initial degradation efficiency of 46.7% at 1000 µg/L within 3 days at 37 °C. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the degradation conditions, identifying a temperature of 37 °C, pH of 7.0, DQ concentration of 1000 µg/L, incubation time of 6 days, and inoculum dose of 5% as optimal, resulting in 77.7% DQ removal. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed two distinct degradation pathways, producing five metabolites, including 2-piperidinone (99 m/z), identified for the first time as a key metabolite of DQ degradation. The practical applicability of Bacillus velezensis MW8SH was validated in real samples containing 1000 µg/L DQ, using the same optimized conditions, achieving DQ removal rates of 68.0%, 75.5%, and 79.2% in water, tomato juice, and carrot juice, respectively. This study provides a sustainable and efficient approach for DQ remediation and advances the understanding of its microbial degradation pathways.

Graphical abstract