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<p>This research examines the health and environmental risks associated with the stability and toxicity of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and the sequestration of Malachite Green (MG) dye present in industrial wastewater. Maximum adsorption capacity was observed at 318&#xa0;K, yielding 95.22% dye removal efficiency with operating parameters of 10&#xa0;mg/L initial concentration, pH 6, and 0.5&#xa0;g/L adsorbent loading. Equilibrium tests on the data indicated that the Freundlich isotherm model exhibited the highest accuracy, achieving a correlation value of 0.996. A measurement of 299.94&#xa0;mg/g was recorded for the adsorption capacity. The Temkin model exhibits a correlation value of 0.927, in contrast to the Langmuir model, which demonstrates a correlation value of 0.956. This study examined the adsorption behavior through various kinetic models. Models such as pseudo-first-order, elovich, pseudo-second-order, and intra-particle diffusion were employed in the analysis. Among these, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model best described the adsorption, indicating a dominant role of chemisorption. Physisorption appears to be the predominant adsorption process, as indicated by the thermodynamic characteristics, specifically the Gibbs free energy values between − 8.65 and − 9.74&#xa0;kJ/mol. This indicates that the spontaneity of adsorption decreases as temperature increases. Endothermic adsorption is characterized by a positive enthalpy (ΔH0) value of 12.9341&#xa0;kJ/mol, while the formation of an activated complex is indicated by a positive entropy (ΔS°) value of 71.5411&#xa0;J/mol. Evidence suggests that adsorbents utilizing CuNPs can effectively eliminate MG dye from wastewater, highlighting their potential for economical and long-lasting applications in this area. Future research should investigate the long-term stability, regeneration efficiency, and scalability of adsorbents based on copper nanoparticles (CuNPs).</p>

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Malachite Green Removal from Wastewater with Manila Tamarind Shell Copper Nanoparticles: Equilibrium, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Studies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月11日

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  • Dasari Kiran Kumar,
  • Pulipati King

摘要

This research examines the health and environmental risks associated with the stability and toxicity of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and the sequestration of Malachite Green (MG) dye present in industrial wastewater. Maximum adsorption capacity was observed at 318 K, yielding 95.22% dye removal efficiency with operating parameters of 10 mg/L initial concentration, pH 6, and 0.5 g/L adsorbent loading. Equilibrium tests on the data indicated that the Freundlich isotherm model exhibited the highest accuracy, achieving a correlation value of 0.996. A measurement of 299.94 mg/g was recorded for the adsorption capacity. The Temkin model exhibits a correlation value of 0.927, in contrast to the Langmuir model, which demonstrates a correlation value of 0.956. This study examined the adsorption behavior through various kinetic models. Models such as pseudo-first-order, elovich, pseudo-second-order, and intra-particle diffusion were employed in the analysis. Among these, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model best described the adsorption, indicating a dominant role of chemisorption. Physisorption appears to be the predominant adsorption process, as indicated by the thermodynamic characteristics, specifically the Gibbs free energy values between − 8.65 and − 9.74 kJ/mol. This indicates that the spontaneity of adsorption decreases as temperature increases. Endothermic adsorption is characterized by a positive enthalpy (ΔH0) value of 12.9341 kJ/mol, while the formation of an activated complex is indicated by a positive entropy (ΔS°) value of 71.5411 J/mol. Evidence suggests that adsorbents utilizing CuNPs can effectively eliminate MG dye from wastewater, highlighting their potential for economical and long-lasting applications in this area. Future research should investigate the long-term stability, regeneration efficiency, and scalability of adsorbents based on copper nanoparticles (CuNPs).