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<p>This study explores the biosorption of nitrate (NO₃⁻) from aqueous solutions utilizing magnesium-modified rice straw biochar, a low-cost, eco-friendly adsorbent derived from agricultural waste. The enhanced removal efficiency is attributed to the biochar’s porous structure, high surface area, and the presence of key functional groups such as aromatic C=C, phenolic O–H, and oxygen-containing polar groups that promote electrostatic interactions with nitrate ions. Utilizing Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to optimize operational parameters, the maximum nitrate removal efficiency was 85.74% under ideal conditions, which included a pH of 5, 18.1 mg of biochar, a nitrate concentration of 20.4 mg/L, a contact time of 60 minutes, and a temperature of 28.5 °C. This work highlights the potential of modified biochar as a sustainable and efficient material for nitrate removal from wastewater. The novelty lies in combining biochar surface modification with statistical optimization to significantly improve nitrate biosorption, offering a scalable approach for environmentally friendly water treatment solutions.</p>

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Transforming Agro-Waste to Sustainable Biochar for Removal of Nitrate from Wastewater Using Response Surface Methodology

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月30日

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  • Jyoti Chowdhry,
  • Sheetal Kumari,
  • Meenakshi Nandal

摘要

This study explores the biosorption of nitrate (NO₃⁻) from aqueous solutions utilizing magnesium-modified rice straw biochar, a low-cost, eco-friendly adsorbent derived from agricultural waste. The enhanced removal efficiency is attributed to the biochar’s porous structure, high surface area, and the presence of key functional groups such as aromatic C=C, phenolic O–H, and oxygen-containing polar groups that promote electrostatic interactions with nitrate ions. Utilizing Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to optimize operational parameters, the maximum nitrate removal efficiency was 85.74% under ideal conditions, which included a pH of 5, 18.1 mg of biochar, a nitrate concentration of 20.4 mg/L, a contact time of 60 minutes, and a temperature of 28.5 °C. This work highlights the potential of modified biochar as a sustainable and efficient material for nitrate removal from wastewater. The novelty lies in combining biochar surface modification with statistical optimization to significantly improve nitrate biosorption, offering a scalable approach for environmentally friendly water treatment solutions.