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<p>To identify the geochemical characteristics and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in soils of the lower Tarim River reclamation area, 125 surface soil samples were collected and their As, Hg, Ni, Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb concentrations and pH values were determined. The potential ecological risk of soil heavy metals was evaluated based on geostatistics, Nemerow comprehensive pollution index (<i>P</i><sub><i>n</i></sub>), and Potential ecological risk index (RI), while the sources of heavy metals were quantitatively apportioned using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF), a receptor model that resolves source contributions by minimizing uncertainty-weighted residuals between observed and modelled concentrations without requiring prior source profiles in comparison to other source apportionment methods (e.g., Principal Component Analysis, Chemical Mass Balance). The results show that: (1) The average values of all heavy metal elements in the study area did not exceed the national screening values for soil pollution risk control on agricultural land, and the levels were generally at normal levels; (2) The range of variation of the index in the study area was 50.75 to 179.07, with 29.37%, 63.63%, and 7% of the sample points exhibiting slight, medium, and strong ecological risk, respectively, indicating that the study area as a whole was in the medium ecological risk class; (3) The PMF model identified four dominant sources: natural factors (48.88%, closely linked to regional geological background), agricultural inputs (31.63%, attributed to intensive fertilizer/pesticide use), coal combustion (12.20%), and traffic emissions (7.29%). PMF outperformed conventional methods (e.g., PCA) by effectively handling missing data uncertainties and providing physically interpretable source profiles.</p>

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Investigating the Pollution Profile and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soil Samples From Oasis Regions in the Eastern Tarim Basin: A Comprehensive Analysis for Environmental Management and Conservation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月1日

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  • Jingyu Liu,
  • Yuhong Liu,
  • Su Tang,
  • Liqi Meng,
  • Haoshuai Niu,
  • Jianyang Geng,
  • Shuai Guo,
  • Liang He

摘要

To identify the geochemical characteristics and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in soils of the lower Tarim River reclamation area, 125 surface soil samples were collected and their As, Hg, Ni, Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb concentrations and pH values were determined. The potential ecological risk of soil heavy metals was evaluated based on geostatistics, Nemerow comprehensive pollution index (Pn), and Potential ecological risk index (RI), while the sources of heavy metals were quantitatively apportioned using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF), a receptor model that resolves source contributions by minimizing uncertainty-weighted residuals between observed and modelled concentrations without requiring prior source profiles in comparison to other source apportionment methods (e.g., Principal Component Analysis, Chemical Mass Balance). The results show that: (1) The average values of all heavy metal elements in the study area did not exceed the national screening values for soil pollution risk control on agricultural land, and the levels were generally at normal levels; (2) The range of variation of the index in the study area was 50.75 to 179.07, with 29.37%, 63.63%, and 7% of the sample points exhibiting slight, medium, and strong ecological risk, respectively, indicating that the study area as a whole was in the medium ecological risk class; (3) The PMF model identified four dominant sources: natural factors (48.88%, closely linked to regional geological background), agricultural inputs (31.63%, attributed to intensive fertilizer/pesticide use), coal combustion (12.20%), and traffic emissions (7.29%). PMF outperformed conventional methods (e.g., PCA) by effectively handling missing data uncertainties and providing physically interpretable source profiles.