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<p>This research work was designed to evaluate the microbiological safety of vegetables irrigated with untreated, tap and wetland treated sewage wastewater in both summer and winter seasons. A significant difference in aerobic plate count was observed between vegetables irrigated with sewage water and wetland treated water in both summer and winter seasons. Overall microbial count was higher for summer season vegetables as compared to winter season vegetables. Microbial load was also differing significantly with type of vegetable in both seasons. Washing of vegetables with sterile distilled water significantly reduced microbial count, after washing microbial count came down to permissible limits in all vegetables irrigated with treated water however, this was not observed in case of untreated sewage water. Pathogenic strains include <i>Bacillus cereus</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Alcaligenes faecalis</i>, <i>Corynebacterium xerosis</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Proteus mirabilis</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Enterobacter aerogenes</i>, <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumonia</i>, <i>Micrococcus luteus</i>, <i>Shigella dysenteriae</i>, <i>Streptococcus lactis</i> were isolated from vegetables and were preliminary identified based on biochemical parameters. Non-significant difference was observed between the growth of vegetables irrigated with sewage water and treated water, after the 60th day of sowing. Therefore, it could be inferred from this study that wetland treatment significantly reduced the risk of pathogen spread in vegetables irrigated with sewage water. Moreover, this study helps in better understanding of thetransfer of pathogens to growing vegetables. It would serve as a guideline for local vegetable growers, who are using sewage water for irrigation.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Impact of Untreated and Wetland Treated Sewage Water Irrigation on Microbiology of Vegetables Grown in Summer and Winter Season

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月1日

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  • Mahwish Ali,
  • Sanam Islam Khan,
  • Muhammad Imran,
  • Abdul Haleem,
  • Talmeez U. R. Rehman,
  • Safia Ahmed

摘要

This research work was designed to evaluate the microbiological safety of vegetables irrigated with untreated, tap and wetland treated sewage wastewater in both summer and winter seasons. A significant difference in aerobic plate count was observed between vegetables irrigated with sewage water and wetland treated water in both summer and winter seasons. Overall microbial count was higher for summer season vegetables as compared to winter season vegetables. Microbial load was also differing significantly with type of vegetable in both seasons. Washing of vegetables with sterile distilled water significantly reduced microbial count, after washing microbial count came down to permissible limits in all vegetables irrigated with treated water however, this was not observed in case of untreated sewage water. Pathogenic strains include Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Alcaligenes faecalis, Corynebacterium xerosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumonia, Micrococcus luteus, Shigella dysenteriae, Streptococcus lactis were isolated from vegetables and were preliminary identified based on biochemical parameters. Non-significant difference was observed between the growth of vegetables irrigated with sewage water and treated water, after the 60th day of sowing. Therefore, it could be inferred from this study that wetland treatment significantly reduced the risk of pathogen spread in vegetables irrigated with sewage water. Moreover, this study helps in better understanding of thetransfer of pathogens to growing vegetables. It would serve as a guideline for local vegetable growers, who are using sewage water for irrigation.

Graphical Abstract